Bell ringer Identify 3 objects or people within the cartoon. Based on this illustration, how would you characterize a carpetbagger?

Reconstruction (Part 2) Essential Question: Benchmark: SS.912.A.2.2 - Assess the influence of significant people or groups on Reconstruction Reconstruction (Part 2) Essential Question: What steps were taken during Reconstruction to rebuild the South and preserve the rights of African Americans?

14th Amendment 15th Amendment National Definitions of Citizenship Equal Protection Clause Due Process Clause High Confederate Officials banned from national office 15th Amendment “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”

Position Regarding Freedmen’s Civil Rights Political Parties Position Regarding Freedmen’s Civil Rights Republican Party Moderate Republicans Radical Republicans Wanted basic civil rights for the freedmen but felt that the federal government should not force their will on the people. Proposed basic civil rights for the freedmen that should be enforced by the federal government. Democratic Party Southern Democrats Opposed granting any freedoms to blacks; they favored new legislation specifically restricting the rights of African Americans.

Radical Republicans: Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, Ben Wade

Carpetbaggers & Scalawags Carpetbagger or Good Freedman Bureau Officer Carpetbagger Carpetbagger Scalawags Carpetbaggers & Scalawags In 1865, the U.S. Congress established the Freedman’s Bureau to help African Americans make the transition from slavery to freedom. White Southerners detested the outsiders from the North, looking upon bureau men as “carpetbaggers” who wanted to render the South powerless, as intruders bend on interfering with race relations, and as opportunists working only for the money they derived from their office. Meanwhile, “scalawags” were Southerners who supported Radical Republican Reconstruction and were also supporters of civil rights for the Freedmen.

Southern sharecropper picking cotton. · Some Radical Republicans wanted to give each freedman “40 acres and a mule”. However, all the freedmen were given was their freedom. A Cycle of Poverty Sharecropper - farmer who works part of the land and gives the landowner part of the harvest Southern sharecropper picking cotton.

How did sharecropping work? · Freedmen would farm land belonging to white owners, oftentimes their old masters. Plantation Land worked by sharecroppers. · Freedmen would pay rent for the land they farmed by giving the landowner a percentage of their crops. · In addition, freedmen would purchase seed, tools, and other supplies from the landowner. * As a result, freedmen were in constant debt to the landowners and were never able to earn a profit. If they tried to move, they could be arrested. Therefore, freedmen became tied down to the land, in a state similar to slavery.

Debt Peonage: A system in which a person is force to work to pay off their debts In what regions did it exist? Who were its targets? How did it affect the lives of these people? Debt Peonage West and Southwest Mexican- Americans and African- Americans Forced them to work against their will to pay off a debt. Made them little more than slaves. Denied them the ability to live their own lives.

A VIOLENT REACTION TO RADICAL REPUBLICAN RECONSTRUCTION The Democratic opposition launched a vigorous campaign to undermine the power of black voters. Arsonists victimized centers in which blacks assembled, including offices of the Freedman’s Bureau and Bureau-run schools. An increased number of whites joined the Ku Klux Klan, which made its appearance in South about this time; vicious activity became the hallmark of the Klan’s conspiracy against African Americans. Black sections of towns witnessed violence.

Congress Breaks with the President Congress bars Southern Congressional delegates. Joint Committee on Reconstruction created. February, 1866  President vetoed the Freedmen’s Bureau bill. March, 1866  Johnson vetoed the 1866 Civil Rights Act. Congress passed both bills over Johnson’s vetoes  1st in U. S. history!!

President Johnson’s Impeachment Johnson removed Stanton in February, 1868. Johnson replaced generals in the field who were more sympathetic to Radical Reconstruction. The House impeached him on February 24 before even drawing up the charges by a vote of 126 – 47!

President Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th President of the United States and served two terms from March 4th, 1869 to March 4th, 1877. Grant presided over the last half of Reconstruction. He supported amnesty for Confederate leaders and protection for the civil rights of African Americans. He favored a limited number of troops to be stationed throughout the South to protect the rights of Southern blacks, and suppress the violent tactics of the Ku Klux Klan

Compromise of 1877 The Compromise of 1877 is often perceived as the end of Reconstruction. Pulled Federal troops out of the South who were there to protect the rights of the Freedmen Through the Compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House over Democrat Samuel J. Tilden on the understanding that Hayes would remove the federal troops whose support was essential for the survival of Republican state governments in South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana.

Was Reconstruction a success or failure? Major Achievements of Reconstruction Major Failures of Reconstruction 14th and 15th Amendments African American Participation in Public Life Successful readmission of Southern States Southern whites were violently opposed to black rights; many in north were indifferent Rise of KKK Where army was present, KKK leaders were apprehended and imprisoned Land Reform—blacks (and poor whites) left to farm tenancy

I do – Political Cartoon Analysis What is the cartoon’s message? What does the cartoon tell you about America (or the world) today? In 100 years, if someone finds this cartoon, they might not understand it. • A political cartoon can teach us about the context of the time. • We can also understand the perception of people towards the issue.

I do – Political Cartoon Analysis There were political cartoons during Reconstruction, too. One very famous political cartoonist was a man named Thomas Nast. He drew cartoons for Harper’s Weekly, a magazine from the North. Today we’re going to look at two of his cartoons from Reconstruction

Teacher “I do”

Teacher “I do”

“We do”

Exit Slip The term Nadir can be described as the lowest of lows for an individual or a group of people. Using the political cartoon as a source (along with your knowledge of Reconstruction) answer the question below “How could Reconstruction be considered as the Nadir for the newly freed slaves in America?”