Chapter 2 Native Americans

Lesson 1 Early People Ancestors ~ early family members Theory says that there was a land bridge between Asia and North America that allowed people to travel here Native Americans theory states they have always been in America

Early Ways of Life The people were nomadic ~ followed the animals they hunted They used all the parts of the animals When mammoths & mastodons died out they began planting crops Stayed in one location and began forming tribes

Olmec Civilization Created writing, counting, & 365 day calendar Powerful civilization ~ group of people ~ and eventually died out but not sure what happened. Civilization was built in southern Mexico along a river for trading Mother culture ~ traditions were passed on Created stone heads of their rulers

Mayan Civilization Divided into social classes ~ religious leaders, families, farmers ect. Counting system including 0 & writing system ~ hieroglyphs ~ pictures Built over 100 stone cities Civilization ended due to drought

Mound Builders Built mounds as homes & for burials Strong trade system Ancient Puebloans Settled at 4 corners in US Homes built on canyon wall or in caves & had many levels Homes called pueblo ~ village

Eastern Woodlands Hunters, gathers and farmers Division of Labor ~ men cleared land ~ women did planting and housework Trees were resource to make canoes, shelters and tools

Iroquois Palisades ~ tall wooden fences used for protection against enemy Longhouses held 50 people Peacemaker that formed a confederation ~ loose group of govt. ~ among the five tribes because of the fighting over land Planted 3 sisters ~ corn, bean & squash

Algonquian Lived in wigwam or longhouses Customs to marry ~ show good hunter or a good housewife Fishing was important ~ built canoes and didn’t rely on others for food 2 chiefs ~ one for peace & one for war

The Plains Indians Buffalo were a main resource ~ they used every thing (meat,hide,hooves) for food, weapons, & clothing Traded crops and other goods with tribes Grew beans, corn, & sunflowers Lived in lodges or sod houses ~ housed 20-40 people

Plains Indians Wood was scarce in the great plains Travois ~ 2 sticks hooked together with buffalo hide ~ was used to carry goods behind dogs Lived in tepees because they were nomadic ~ move often Council of chiefs and no one was more important than another Ceremonies ~ naming child, marriage, prepare for hunt

Southwest Lived in pueblos or cliffs Hopi & Zuni Planted corn, beans, & squash ~3 sisters Used cotton for baskets Homes made of adobe ~ sun dried bricks Traded resources Held ceremonies to honor gods and a chief was their religious leader ~ made laws & punishment

Navajo Lived in hogans ~ cone shaped wooden frame covered in mud or adobe~ lived miles apart Traded resources Medicine men to heal Each group had own religious leader

Western Groups Shoshone, Nez Perce, & chumash lived along Pacific Ocean Fishing main resource Traders~ set up trade networks

Northwest & Arctic Canoes were a dugout tree that could hold 60 people. Whales were main resource of food & salmon Used fat to make oil 3 tribes ~ all used different hunting methods Lived in longhouses with all clan members ~ grandparents, aunts, uncles & children Used totem poles to tell stories and welcome others

Northwest & Arctic Wood was a main resource Traveled long distances to trade Trading took place but difficult because of all the different lang., but learned to barter or trade anyways Potlatch was a celebration that shared the wealth

Arctic Lived in tents, sod houses or igloos Hunted seals using a kayak & foxes, caribou and polar bears Nothing was wasted because resources limited

Test Review Land bridge? Who created the counting system with 0? Why did people settle into villages? What is migration, artifact, ceremony, division of labor, economy, culture? What was the purpose of the Iroquois League? How did they group Iroquoian or Algonquian people?

Test Review Plains main resource? Northwest Coast & Eastern Woodlands main resource? Why did Arctic families stick together? Essay Why were trees more important to the Northwest Coast & Eastern Woodlands than the Plains?

Test Review Essay What resources were important to Northwest Coast and how did it help economy? Features common in most civilizations? Unique? How did Arctic learn to adapt shelters and resources? Natural resources used to build tepees, longhouses, and pueblos?