3rd October 2016 (Presented to CAT 6th-8th October 2017) Go Electric 3rd October 2016 (Presented to CAT 6th-8th October 2017)

ZCB - Making it Happen in Stroud Part of Stroud Valleys’ Showcase week of events 1st to 8th October 2016 Energy, Food, Nature and Waste A celebration of some of the very best environmental initiatives in Stroud and the Valleys in partnership with Stroud Nature. Eight days of activities and events from urban drainage to upcycling, from farmers markets to fast cars (electric ones that is), ending with Open Homes. Go Electric Event 1: Cars and bicycles to see and try, talk to owners, discuss benefits, practicalities and disadvantages. 2 hour afternoon at local secondary school’s sports centre. Event 2: Evening workshop promoting the advantages of electric cars with a more detailed analysis.

Go Electric Workshop Why? Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduced Costs – An essential part of transition to a low carbon lifestyle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Whole life cycle emissions considerably reduced Reduced Costs 0.25kwh/mile average = 3.5p/mile + concessions Other Advantages Smooth, quiet, easy to drive, pre-conditioning Managing Range Easy home charging + the Electric Highway + journey planning Battery Charging Options Slow charge, fast charge Which Car? A bewildering range Ethical Considerations Battery materials and the car manufacturers’ policies The Future Bigger capacity batteries, longer range, better infrastructure http://www.transitionstroud.org/transition2014/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Electric-Car-Workshop.pdf

Results? 40+ attended first event including School’s Design and Technology class Involvement of local dealers and Electric Highway 14 at workshop One couple bought an electric car afterwards Car Share Scheme looked into installing a charge point in one public car park where they park a car Lack of off-street parking identified as greatest disincentive Electric bikes encouraging more cycling in our hilly area Greater understanding of the issues involved

Whole life cycle emissions Fig. 3: Global warming potential of vehicles along the life cycle Source: Environmental Certification BMW i3 to ISO 14040, 15/10/2013

Whole life cycle emissions Renault Twizy 3.87 BMW i3 10.38 Renault Zoe 11.99 Nissan Leaf 12.57 BMW i3 EU-27 Energy Mix 15.21 Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid 16.84 Suzuki Celerio 16.89 Tesla Model S 17.16 Toyota Prius Hybrid 18.58 BMW 118d 23.97 Range Rover 4.4ltr Diesel 45.17 tonnes CO2e Life Cycle includes manufacture, road use, service & maintenance, and recycling/disposal Ref.1: Environmental Certification BMW i3 to ISO 14040, 15/10/2013EURELECTRIC Ref.2: UK Gov CO2 figures http://carfueldata.direct.gov.uk/search-new-or-used-cars.aspx Ref.3: Power Statistics & Trends 2013, December 2013, EU-27 2010 CAUTION: Data is approximate as manufacturers will not release actual figures

Back-up slides from Exhibition & Workshop

Whole life cycle emissions Ref.1: Environmental Certification BMW i3 to ISO 14040, 15/10/2013EURELECTRIC Ref.3: Power Statistics & Trends 2013, December 2013, EU-27 2010 CAUTION: Data is approximate as manufacturers will not release actual figures

Transport accounts for about 40% of Britain’s energy demand The energy used for transport must reduce to match what is available from renewable sources Transport accounts for about 40% of Britain’s energy demand Industry will also emit carbon due to processes and supply of raw materials. How is this accounted for? 10

Is this chart per individual person? We may have to change how we travel and how far but Electric vehicles will help to maintain our freedom of personal transport 11

Electric vehicles will use only renewable energy and use it very efficiently How are the increased efficiencies achieved? 12

Do Electric Vehicles Reduce Greenhouse Emissions? Electric cars produce zero emissions if they are run on electricity generated from renewable energy Manufacture of Electric cars produces about 50% more emissions than a similar size petrol or diesel car Whole life cycle emissions of an electric car are much less than a similar size petrol or diesel car

Reduced Costs Fuel Costs of an electric car are much less than a similar size petrol or diesel car even using full price electricity A medium size electric car will use 0.25kwh/mile on average At standard rate, 15p/kWh = 3.75p/mile At cheap rate, 7.5p/kWh = 1.9p/mile Using free power = 0p/mile Petrol at £1.15/litre & 50mpg = 12.65p/mile

Other Costs An electric car generally costs more to buy than a petrol or diesel car of similar size, despite government grants Using a medium size electric car will save 12.65-3.75 = 8.9p/mile on average compared to a petrol or diesel car of similar size If the electric car costs £2,500 more it will begin to pay off after 22,250 miles, less using cheaper electricity Electric cars benefit from zero road tax (changes in 2017) Ecotricity customers benefit from a £40/year discount on their electricity bill and free use of the Electric Highway subject to a fair use limit Servicing and maintenance bills are generally less for an electric car Leasing may be attractive, particularly to business users

Other Advantages Electric cars give a smooth ride with no gear changing They are quiet with only wind, road and external noise to trouble the driver and passengers. (Pedestrian warning sound added at low speed) They are easy to drive and encourage economical driving but with good acceleration if required Heating and charging can be controlled remotely when the cars are plugged in – warm and de-iced on a cold morning Owning an electric car encourages their development and improvement and is a contribution towards a low carbon Britain

Managing Range Most UK journeys are short – less than 10 miles. Home charging overnight restores full range (or at work if no off-street parking at home?) For longer journeys a faster charge point is required Plan a longer journey to take in one or more charge points using map systems/Apps The Ecotricity Electric Highway covers the whole motorway network with fast charge points A 30 minute fast charge restores 80% range On board systems and smart phone Apps give real time location of charge points

Planning a Journey using smart phone App Journey Planner with on route Charge Point State of Charge

Charging the Battery Cars can be charged from a normal 13amp socket but this will take up to 10 hours for a full charge. Home charging points can reduce the charge time to about 8 hours for a 3kW unit to 4 hours for a 7kW one. Different manufacturers have introduced different standards for fast charging, which will deliver up to 80% full charge in 30 minutes.

Charging the Battery 3-PIN Type 1 Type 2 3kW 3-7kW 3-7kW Home Charging Workplace Charging 3-PIN 3kW Type 1 3-7kW Type 2 3-7kW Type 2 22-43kW CCS 50kW TESLA 50-120kW CHAdeMO 50kW En-route Charging The Ecotricity Electric Highway covers the whole Motorway Network at Motorway Services Stations. Charge using the Electric Highway App RPH Is miles of range per hour of charge

Which Car? There is a wide range of electric cars on the market As for any car purchase the buyer must consider their own personal wishes and requirements such as size, price, running costs, reliability, comfort, performance, etc. Which? the Consumer Association Magazine now recommends several electric cars as Best Buys

Which Car? – City Cars Used Option

Which Car? – Small Cars

Which Car? – Medium Cars

Which Car? – Medium Cars

Which Car? – Luxury Cars Tesla Model S Prices from £53,500 to £114,200 Tesla Model X Prices from £64,100 to £117,200

Which Car?

Ethical Considerations Electrical components and Li-ion batteries in particular potentially contain conflict materials. Other components may be produced by exploited labour There is growing demand for manufacturers to ensure ethically produced materials and components Environmental control and reporting standards vary Some manufacturers are taking measures to reduce the carbon footprint of manufacture In general manufacturers continue to produce and sell polluting petrol and diesel cars

Ethical Considerations This table is reproduced from the Ethical Consumer Ethical buying guide to electric cars website*available to subscribers only. The scores have been adjusted to take maximum importance of Environment. Scores reduce further if the importance of People is increased. NOTES: 1. The bigger the Blob the bigger the ethical problem 2. No manufacturer releases quantitative emissions data for manufacture * http://www.ethicalconsumer.org/buyersguides/traveltransport/cars,electric.aspx

The Future? Larger capacity batteries are already being introduced. These will give longer range but will place a demand for higher power charging infrastructure. As the number of electric cars on the roads increases there will be increasing demand for more en-route charging points. Increased demand for home charging will see solutions for on street parking and community charge points Increased demand for workplace charge points Autonomous cars will deliver themselves to your door?