ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: How can reform influence society and beliefs? The Reformation ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: How can reform influence society and beliefs?

TEKS and Objectives We will… I will… (1D) identify major causes and describe major effects of the Reformation (25C) explain the relationship among Christianity, individualism, and growing secularism that began with the Renaissance and how the relationship influenced subsequent political developments (27C) explain the impact of the printing press on the Renaissance and the Reformation in Europe Analyze Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses to derive his opinion about Catholic Church Practices Create a meme about an event from the Protestant Reformation

Protestant Reformation Movement to reform (change) abuses in the Catholic Church

Causes of the Reformation Renaissance Ideas Humanism Secularism Corrupt Church Officials sought money/power Secret spouses/children Indulgences Pardons for sin Allowed sinner to enter Heaven Sold by Pope and other members of clergy

Martin Luther and the Ninety-Five Theses German monk Discontent with Church practices The Ninety-Five Theses Said to have posted “complaints” on door of Castle Church in Wittenberg Established Lutheran Church Pope excommunicated Luther (expelled) from Catholic Church Reformers known as first Protestants

Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses Journal Entry #17 Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses 6. The Pope cannot forgive any guilt, except by declaring and showing that it has been forgiven by God. If his right to grant forgiveness in these cases were disregarded, the guilt would certainly remain unforgiven. 27. There is no divine authority for preaching that the soul flies out of purgatory [a place between Heaven and Hell, where the soul awaits judgment] immediately after the money clinks in the bottom of the chest. 28. It is certainly possible that when the money clinks in the bottom of the chest, avarice and greed increase… 32. Those who believe that they can be certain of their salvation because they have indulgence letters will be eternally damned, together with their teachers. How did Luther feel about the selling of indulgences? Give at least two specific examples from the Ninety-Five Theses to support your answer.

The Rise of Lutheranism Printing Press Spread Luther’s ideas Translated New Testament to German Pamphlets to persuade others German princes Protected/helped Luther Seized Church lands Many adopted Protestantism

Calvinism John Calvin New Protestant Church in Switzerland Predestination belief God has already decided who will be saved

Effects of Reformation End of Religious Unity Led to century of warfare between Protestants and Catholics Thirty Years War in Germany Persecution Rulers forced their faith on subjects Persecution of religious minorities Growth of Royal Power Power of Catholic Church diminished

The Counter-Reformation Catholic Church’s reaction to Protestant Reformation Council of Trent Reaffirmed Catholic teachings Indulgences forbidden Banned Protestant books Ignatius Loyola and the Jesuits Spanish missionaries Defended and spread Catholicism

The Inquisition Tribunals (courts) for people accused of heresy (religious crimes) Spanish Inquisition Most violent and cruel (torture and executions) Targeted Muslims and Jews

TEKS and Objectives We will… I will… (1D) identify major causes and describe major effects of the Reformation (25C) explain the relationship among Christianity, individualism, and growing secularism that began with the Renaissance and how the relationship influenced subsequent political developments (27C) explain the impact of the printing press on the Renaissance and the Reformation in Europe Analyze Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses to derive his opinion about Catholic Church Practices Create a meme about an event from the Protestant Reformation