Dr. Murty Wizard of Light The OPTRICKS Suitcase Optics is Light Work! Dr. Murty Wizard of Light OPTRICKS Suitcase

What is Light? Light is radiation we can see

Optics is the Science of Light Where are optics in everyday life? Cameras Eyes Glasses Lasers Fiber Optics Telescopes Displays

Optics is the Science of Light Basic Optics Mirror Lens

First, a little chemistry…

Silicon Makes Mirrors and Lenses Silicon plus Oxygen is Silicon Dioxide Si + O2  SiO2 Glass is crystalline SiO2 Sand is amorphous SiO2 It has no shape

When you look through a lens, how do you see clearly? Focus!

What is my favorite kind of lens? Fresnel Lens!

What is a Fresnel Lens? FUN!

What is a Fresnel Lens?

Where are Fresnel Lenses Used? Lighthouses RV rearview lenses Overhead projectors Intraocular implants Cell phone cameras Solar-thermal energy reflectors Aircraft carrier landing beacons

Camera Optics Detector (sensor or film) Computer Lenses © Stephen Sweet #1731693 http://en.fotolia.com/id/1731693

Eyeball Optics Detector = Retina Computer? Lenses = Lens + Cornea

Your Brain is Your Computer! The striate cortex in the back of your brain interprets images from your eye.

Light is an Electromagnetic Wave Electricity Magnetism Every wave has Magnitude, Direction, and Length.

Light is an Electromagnetic Wave Magnitude  Size of each vibration  Power Direction  Vibrations follow a path  Polarization Length  Separation between vibrations  Color What vibrates like a wave? Slinky !

Light is an Electromagnetic Wave Magnitude  Size of each vibration  Power Direction  Vibrations follow a path  Polarization Length  Separation between vibrations  Color

Light is an Electromagnetic Wave Magnitude  Size of each vibration  Power Direction  Vibrations follow a path  Polarization Length  Separation between vibrations  Color dim light small vibrations Bright Light LARGE VIBRATIONS

Light is an Electromagnetic Wave Magnitude  Size of each vibration  Power Direction  Vibrations follow a path  Polarization Length  Separation between vibrations  Color

Vibration Direction is Polarization Horizontal Linear Polarization Vertical Linear Polarization Left Circular Polarization Right Circular Polarization

How is Polarization Used? Polarized Sunglasses Block Glare polarizer transmission vertical the same polarizer transmission horizontal horizontal glass surface

How is Polarization Used? 3D Displays howstuffworks.com Two cameras record the movie, one camera for each eye Both camera’s images are superimposed on the screen The left eye movie is projected with horizontal polarization The right eye movie is projected with vertical polarization Polarizing glasses block horizontal polarization from the right eye and block vertical polarization from the left eye

How is Polarization Used? Photoelasticity Photoelasticity measures stress in plastics because different colors bend through the plastic at different angles. in a liquid crystal display (LCD) through a plastic airplane window

Light is an Electromagnetic Wave Magnitude  Size of each vibration  Power Direction  Vibrations follow a path  Polarization Length  Separation between vibrations  Color

Wavelength is Color

Wavelength is Color RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN BLUE VIOLET

Lenses Magnify Mixed Colors Magic Dots Color prints are made by mixing only a few pigments (ink) to make many colors of the rainbow Look closely at a color print or a color display with your lens, you will see tiny dots of pigment Color displays are made by mixing only a few lights to make many colors of the rainbow

Magnify Your Optricks Card At a distance…

Magnify Your Optricks Card Closer…

Magnify Your Optricks Card Tiny Dots of Color Appear!

Magnify a Cell Phone Display At a distance…

Magnify a Cell Phone Display Closer…

Magnify a Cell Phone Display Green + Red = Yellow!

Magnify a Cell Phone Display Yellow! green yellow

Magnify a Cell Phone Display Mixing Blue with Green… cyan

Magnify a Cell Phone Display Blue + Green…makes Cyan

Magnify a Cell Phone Display Cyan! blue cyan

Magnify a Cell Phone Display Red + Blue = Magenta … and Purple?

Magnify a Cell Phone Display Dimmer Red turns Magenta to Purple

Magnify a Cell Phone Display What about White? white text

Magnify a Cell Phone Display Red + Green + Blue = White!

Three Colors Mix to form other colors Pigments Subtract, Lights Add Color prints mix pigments (Cyan, Yellow, and Magenta) to subtract color from a white sheet Color displays mix lights (Red, Green, and Blue) to add color to a black screen

Magic Patch Liquid Crystal “Magic Patches” change color with heat These are liquid crystals (LCs) that selectively reflect different colors at different temperatures Temperature changes the ordered structure of the LCs, like the students in the images below Engineers cut LCs into tiny pieces known as pixels (picture elements) Tiny LC pixels are arranged in a grid and individually heated to make LC displays (LCDs) for computers, watches, cell phones, etc.

Cholesteric Liquid Crystals Warm Cold Yellow to Orange to Red to Black Green to Blue

Polarizers + Liquid Crystals Make Displays

Rainbow Peepholes® Diffraction Gratings The grid of bumps in the plastic diffract the colors of the white light into the visible spectrum.

Rainbow Peepholes® Diffraction Gratings Colors are mixed together to make many types of lights. Lights are separated into its constituent colors by diffraction

Diffraction Incandescent (tungsten halogen) Light

Diffraction Incandescent (tungsten halogen) Light

Diffraction Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL)

Diffraction Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL)

Diffraction Sodium Vapor Street Light

Diffraction Sodium Vapor Street Light

Diffraction LED Flashlight

Diffraction LED Flashlight

Diffraction Gas-Discharge Lamps (“Neon” Lights)

Diffraction Atomic Emission Spectra

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