Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to grow, to reproduce and to maintain dynamic homeostasis. Enduring understanding 2.A: Growth, reproduction and maintenance of the organization of living systems require free energy and matter. Essential knowledge 2.A.1: All living systems require constant input of  free energy.    d. Organisms use free energy to maintain organization, grow and reproduce.              1. Organisms use various strategies to regulate body temperature and metabolism

Bozeman-Thermoregulation video   Bozeman-Thermoregulation video               •  Endothermy (the use of thermal energy generated by metabolism to maintain homeostatic body temperatures)  ~ mammals, birds, possibly some dinosaurs? •  Ectothermy (the use of external thermal energy to help regulate and maintain body temperature)  all invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles                                       

Ectotherms = “cold-blooded” ADVANTAGES Slow metabolism means you can survive on 1/10 the food as a same size endotherm DISADVANTAGES Body heat comes from surrounding environment Slow metabolism/low activity in cold places Can’t keep up max activity level for long Can’t live in extremely cold places NO reptiles in Arctic! http://www.inthehills.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/painted-turtle-basking-.jpg

Endotherms = “warm-blooded” ADVANTAGES Create own body heat when needed FAST metabolism allows for: ~ high activity for extended time ~ ability to live in variety of environments DISADVANTAGES Need more food than ectotherms Spend more time/energy gathering food http://images.sodahead.com/polls/002000451/675089_shivering_16671_answer_1_xlarge.gif

  2.A.1.d.3. There is a relationship between metabolic rate per unit body mass and the size of multicellular organisms — generally, the smaller  the organism, the higher the metabolic rate.

  2A.1d. 4. Excess acquired free energy versus required free energy expenditure results in energy storage or growth Image from: http://blackmovie.us/movie/Fat.Albert/fat.albert.movie.jpg http://www.animatedimages.org/data/media/595/animated-plant-image-0016.gif

  2A.1d.5. Insufficient acquired free energy versus required free energy expenditure results in loss of mass and, ultimately, the death of an organism IMAGES FROM: http://l2.yimg.com/bt/api/res/1.2/YN3M6N_qX1ZDOQM7LpNd2Q--YXBwaWQ9eW5ld3NfbGVnbztmaT1maWxsO2g9Mzc3O2lsPXBsYW5lO3B4b2ZmPTUwO3B5b2ZmPTA7cT03NTt3PTY3MA--/http://media.zenfs.com/en_us/News/Takepart.com/polarbear_4.jpg https://i.ytimg.com/vi/V122iPgX6iI/hqdefault.jpg

consumed per gram of organism over several five-minute trials, and the An experiment to measure the rate of respiration in crickets and mice at 10° C and 25° C was performed using a respirometer, an apparatus that measures changes in gas volume. Respiration was measured in mL of O2 consumed per gram of organism over several five-minute trials, and the following data were obtained. According to the data, the crickets at 25° C have greater oxygen consumption per gram of tissue than do the crickets at 10° C. According to the data, the mice at 10° C demonstrated greater oxygen consumption per gram of tissue than did the mice at 25° C. This trend in oxygen consumption is different in mice and crickets. EXPLAIN THE RESULTS OF THIS MOUSE/CRICKET TEMPERATURE EXPERIMENT