EARLY WARNING AND PREVENTION IN HYDROLOGIC WATERSHED National Institute of Water Resources EARLY WARNING AND PREVENTION IN HYDROLOGIC WATERSHED www.hidro.cu Havana, February 15, 2012

I. PARTY CENTRAL WATER ALL ALONG THE MAIN ISLAND TO DETERMINE THE FORMATION OF SMALL WATERSHED AND SHORT RIVERS. 85% of rivers length of 40 km and basin area no larger than 200 km ². Characterized by sudden flood of short duration Of the 652 surface water basins, 117 (18%) are regulated. These are related to more than 100 major underground hydrogeological units. Close and dynamic relationship between surface water - groundwater - coastal marine waters

HEAVY RAINS AND HURRICANES II. VULNERABILITY OF OUR CONDITION ARCHIPELAGO LOCATED IN THE HUMID TROPICS EXPOSED TO IMPACT OF EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS HEAVY RAINS AND HURRICANES DROUGHT

FLOOD AREAS OF THE PROVINCES OF CUBA IN% Pinar del Río Isla de la Juventud Matanzas Villa Clara Las Tunas Granma Sancti Spiritus Camagüey Ciego de Avila Cienfuegos La Habana Ciudad de La Habana Santiago de Cuba Holguín Guantánamo Between 15 and 25% of floodplain + 25% floodplain Less than 15% of floodplain

III. OUR DEPENDENCE OF WATER RESOURCES, THE BEHAVIOR OF PRECIPITATION AND NEED TO MEET SUSTAINABLE WAY, THE CLAIMS OF THE ECONOMY, SOCIETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT.

Pico “El Toldo”, HOLGUÍN San A del Sur, GUANTÁNAMO IV. CLIMATE VARIABILITY WHICH IS REFLECTED IN DIFFERENT WAYS, INCLUDING THE CHANGE IN THE SYSTEM OF RAIN MÁXIMO DE LLUVIAS: 4 000 mm Pico “El Toldo”, HOLGUÍN New Map of Cuba Isoyético Historic Print Media 1961-2000 1 335 mm MÍNIMO DE LLUVIAS: 400 mm San A del Sur, GUANTÁNAMO Behavior of rainfall from 1901 to 2009

V. IMMINENT NEED OF APPLICATION OF ADAPTATION AND REDUCTION OF VULNERABILITY TO CLIMATE CHANGE. HYDROLOGIC SERVICE DEVELOPMENT AND SYSTEM FOR MONITORING AND EARLY WARNING HYDRAULIC INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT Created Reservoir Capacity (hm 3) Number of dams built 1959 2009 RED PLUVIOMETRICA HASTA 1930 1931-1960 1960-2010

Aguas Superficiales (31.7 km3) Aguas Superficiales (75 %) WATER AND HYDRAULIC RESOURCES WATER RESOURCES   POTENTIAL (38,1 mil millones m3) WATER RESOURCES USABLE (24.0 mil millones m3) 1 220 m3 x person per year for all uses Aguas Superficiales (31.7 km3) 63.0 % Aguas Superficiales (75 %) WATER RESOURCES AVAILABLE (13.6 mil millones m3) 56.7 % Aguas Subterráneas (6.4 km3) Aguas Subt.. (25 %) Aguas Superf. (9,15 km3) According to their annual water resources potential, Cuba ranks 105 out of 182 countries 35.7 % Aguas Subt. (4,5 km3)

HYDRAULIC INFRASTRUCTURE 239 dams with storage capacity of 8 808.6 Hm3 805 micro-dams with storage capacity of 600 Hm3 61 diverter 12 large pumping stations A 511.6 km of protection works 788.4 km master channels (467.4 km covered) WATER USE Annual average use of water: between 5 500 and 6 700 million m3 Agriculture: 2 944 600 000 m3 (44.4%) Supply to population: 1 629.0 million m3 (24.6%) Industry: 414 million m3 (6.2%) Other: 24.8% (expense ecological livestock losses)

NATIONAL WATER SERVICE. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE OBSERVING NETWORKS CONCEPT AMOUNT OF EQUIPMENT Rain Gauges Type: Standard D-8. 2050 (density 1 x 53 km ²) gage Type: P - 2 USSR 55 (Disabled by bad technical condition) WEATHER STATIONS 13 hydrometric stations   Type: Windlasses GPR USSR, OTT 38 (corrientómetros Deficit) Hydrogeological STATION Type: Limnígrafos Valdai And Thalimedes OTT 1 683 STATIONS OF WATER QUALITY 2315 (density of 1 x 49 km ²)

SERVICES AND PRODUCTS S H N Daily evaluation of the Rain (Special Information Network) and reservoirs. Hydrological Bulletin Monthly (Rain, reservoirs, groundwater) Hydrological studies and evaluations Analysis and monitoring of the results of observational networks of the hydrological cycle Extreme rainfall events and monitoring, analysis and evaluation of drought.

CAPACITY BUILDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY WARNING AND PREVENTION HYDROLOGICAL Program to repair damaged water works by attacks of extreme events Inspection and maintenance of hydraulic structures and channels in order to control and manage the avenues Annual Establishment of reservoirs regulations on "Hydrological Prevention“ Gate operating system and watershed management Development of early warning systems Automation and transmission of real-time alert

AUTOMATION OF 15 S SPILLWAY GATE PEDROSO CAUTO DEL PASO COROJO

AUTOMATION PROGRAM FOUR WATERSHED REGION IN THE EAST AND A CENTRAL The incidence in the eastern region of the heavy October rains and Tropical Storm Noel in November 2007 provided the opportunity to access funding support of UNDP pop a value of 300 000.00 USD and EUR 39,307, for the project Caraibe Hycos. These financings were for the partial automation projects (by the scope of funding) Cauto basin, Sagua de Tánamo, Guantanamo - Guaso, San Pedro and Zaza, which sees the location of level sensors, rain, quality of water and communication media for transmitting data in real time. With this level of automation control is achieved through remote terminals 39 distributed representatively, monitoring of rainfall, water levels in streams and reservoirs, and their quality.

TROPICAL STORM NOEL November 2007 BASIN CAUTO BASIN GUANTANAMO GUASO BASIN SAN PEDRO

Basin SAN PEDRO, CAMAGUEY Bridge Río Hatibonico 1947

AUTOMATION OF FOUR WATERSHED BASIN SAN PEDRO BASIN CAUTO BASIN ZAZA BASIN GUANTÁNAMO-GUASO

AUTOMATION OF FOUR WATERSHED

SUMMARY OF AUTOMATION OF FOUR WATERSHED BASIN TOTAL BUDGET NECESSARY REQUIRED AMOUNT OF SENSORS UNDP GUARANTEED FINANCE BUDGET NUMBER OF ACQUIRED CENSORS SAN PEDRO 65 247.90 6 32515.95 5 CAUTO 891 721.30 82 130063.80 19 SAGUA DE TANAMO 163 119.75 15 3 GUANTANAMO-GUASO 173 994.40 16 65031.90 8 Capacitación 39872.40 TOTAL PNUD 119 300 000.00 35 Zaza 117 000 51 099 4 Total 1 411 083 257 351 099 39

ALERTA TEMPRANA Y PREVENCIÓN HIDROLÓGICA HYDRAULIC MODELING OF EXTREME EVENTS WITH MAXIMUM USE OF TOOLS AND HEC-RAS ARCVIEW

OTHER ACTIONS OF AUTOMATION SYSTEM INRH AUTOMATION PROGRAM gauging stations and rainfall FOUR WATERSHED OF THE COUNTRY Is running Project CARIBE-HYCOS-WMO-INRH INSMET to strengthen hydrological observations in 4 gauging stations and mobile modules. REMOTE AND REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEMS

PROJECTED FUTURE Continue and intensify programs of maintenance and repair of hydraulic works that allow the fulfillment of their duties with a technically optimal Continue with the implementation program of hydraulic works, a cornerstone of program adaptation and mitigation of climate change Continue with the gradual introduction of science and technological innovation with direct impact on early warning systems Improve the training of professionals Water Resources System in the use of technology and strategic projection of early warning systems and prevention hydrological