Chapter 2.2 “Learning to Farm & Raise Animals” Section 1: “Beginnings of Agriculture” Farming began around the world in 8,000 BC Due the retreat of the glaciers, new lands opened up Humans learned to domesticate plants and animals (farming) The first domesticated animals were sheep & goats Agricultural Revolution is the shift from food gathering to food production Slash & burn agriculture cleared areas quickly but left poor soil over time

Section 2: “Settlements Begin” Improved tools led to better farmers Better farming led to development of settlements Villages started in river valleys Their rich soil produced bigger, better crops Farming communities depended on fresh water sources Advantages: more food, protection against attacks Disadvantages: fire, disease, & floods

Section 3: “Farming Develops in Many Places” Early advances in farming were irrigation & terracing African farmers along the Nile River were the first to use irrigation They built dikes (barriers) and canals (ditches) to bring water to crops Americas’ farming techniques included terracing the land This created flat areas of farmland for raising crops on hillsides Farming development led to a great increase in human population

Section 3: “Farming Develops in Many Places”