MEIOSIS Class Notes.

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MEIOSIS Class Notes

Drosplia (Fruit Fly Study) The Drosplia fly has 8 chromosomes. This made is an easy species to study since four of the chromosomes came from the female and four from the male.

Homologous Chromosomes Homologous Chromosomes have identical male and female parts.

Diploid Cell Diploid Cells are cells that have both sets of chromosomes.

Haploid Cell Haploid Cells are cells that have only a single set of chromosomes or half.

Meiosis The process in which the chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

Interphase The period of cell growth, DNA replication and cell maturation.

Meiosis I The first part of gamete division.

Prophase I Each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous to form a tetrad. A tetrad is 4 chromatids.

Metaphase I The spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes.

Anaphase I The fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase I Two new nuclear envelopes are formed.

Cytokinesis I The cytoplasm pinches the cell into two new cells.

Meiosis II The second part of cell division. No DNA replication round.

Prophase II Two haploid cells are formed each with one half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Metaphase II The chromosomes line up in a row.

Anaphase II The sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase II Four new nuclear envelopes are formed.

Cytokinesis II The cytoplasm pinches the cell into four new haploid cells.

Spermatozoa The male gametes are called spermatozoa or sperm.

Egg / Ova The females gametes are called egg or ova.

Mitosis vs. Meiosis Mitosis produces 2 diploid cells with the DNA identical to the original parent cell. Meiosis produces 4 haploid cells with one half the DNA as the original parent cell.

Mitosis vs. Meiosis Mitosis is used as the body grows or is injured to replace old or damaged cells. Meiosis is used for sexual reproduction.