Spain Loses North America The newly created Spanish War and Merchant Flag replaced the flags used in New Spain in 1785 and was used until the end of Spanish rule in 1822. The flag was originally chosen by Charles III in 1785 for use in the colonies as a naval and coastal fortifications flag. Capital- Mexico City

National Palace Mexico City Cortes had built at the same site of the Aztec Emperor Montezuma’s palace. Used same stone. Mexico City Population- approximately 9 Million.

The conquistadors decided to build their church on the site of the Templo Mayor of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan. Hernán Cortés and the other conquistadors used the stones from the destroyed temple of the Aztec god of war to build the church.

12 hero’s of the Mexican Revolution are buried in the mausoleum at the base of the monument Angel of Independence

On May 30, 2010, as part of the Bicentennial celebrations of the War of Independence, the remains of the National Heroes were exhumed and then escorted by the Armed Forces with full military honors where they will be subject of studies

How did Spain lose control?

Mustang traders came in to Texas to catch & sell for $ 1800- Filibuster- Spanish filibustero- meaning military adventurers. Most filibusters wanted to free Texas from Spain. Mustangs roamed free. Mustang traders came in to Texas to catch & sell for $ back in the U.S.

Killed by Spanish troops Philip Nolan keeps coming to Texas to get mustangs- Spain thinks he is spying for the U.S. General James Wilkinson Killed by Spanish troops Commander of U.S. Army

Death to bad government and the Spaniards! Viva Mexico! Father Miguel Hidalgo Dolores, Mexico

Speech Primary Source Secondary Source

Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla September 16th 1810 Delivers the ‘Grito de Dolores’ Speech Called for Mexican Independence from Spain

Head cut off as a warning Captured and executed Head cut off as a warning Viva la independecia

Gutierrez-Magee Expedition Led volunteers & take control of Nacogdoches then capture La Bahia. Led by Jose Gutierrez de Lara We declare Texas Independent from Spain!

20 miles south of San Antonio Spanish soldiers march to fight them. 20 miles south of San Antonio Joaquin de Arredondo Spain- 1,830 men Republic Army of the North - approx. 1,400 Less than 100 Republican soldiers escaped, several hundred were captured, and the remainder killed. Arredondo summarily gathered the names of the captured men, executed the rank and file, torched the officers for further information, and then executed them. He then quickly gathered the families of the Texan soldiers and publicly executed them in the plaza of San Antonio. He then had their corpse or parts of their bodies, hung in trees. No effort was made to bury the remains of the Republican Army’s dead, and the remains lay on the battlefield for nine years. For the next year he pursued the remaining leaders, including the civilian leadership of the Texas Republic, sparing few, and destroying all of the farms, buildings, and mills of the province except for a few located in San Antonio and newly built citadels such as near Goliad. The approximately 2,500 men killed in the Republican Army's campaign, exceeded the total number of Texans killed during the entire Texas Revolution twenty-three years later in 1836, and the death or expulsion of at least 15,000 other Anglo-Tejano and American settlers effectively ethnically cleansed and genocided the entire province.

4 Hours of slaughter. 1,400+ dead. Averaged 1 death every 10 seconds Bloodiest Battle in Texas History 4 Hours of slaughter. 1,400+ dead. Battle of Medina Rebellion is Crushed Averaged 1 death every 10 seconds for 240 minutes

Father Jose Morelos Leads the fight for Mexican Independence after Father Hidalgo’s death. Executed in 1815 by Spanish troops

James Long Wanted Texas to be independent. Captures Nacogdoches. Spanish Troops come to get him. Comes back & fights Spanish soldiers at La Bahia. I surrender

Spanish soldiers capture James Long. While waiting for his trial in Mexico City… -He is ‘accidentally’ shot.

Gave birth to 1st Anglo baby in Texas Jane Long ‘Mother of Texas’ Wife of James Long Gave birth to 1st Anglo baby in Texas Mary James Long

No longer in North America Mexico wins Independence from Spain No longer in North America

Quick Write (Speech) Mexico should/should not have revolted against Spain. Give at least 3 reasons to support your idea. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________