Kingdom of Heaven: The Crusades

Kingdom of Heaven

Kingdom of Heaven The city of Jerusalem is a holy city for the three western world religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam Jews believe the Temple Mount and the Western (Wailing) Wall is the location of the Temple of Solomon Christians believe Jerusalem is where Jesus Christ was crucified and raised from the dead Muslims believe Jerusalem is where the prophet Muhammad ascended to Heaven

Blame the Romans The Romans under Titus tore down the last standing Jewish temple in 70 When the Arabs took over, they built the Dome of the Rock over the ruins Christians did not like the idea of “their” holy city being in Muslim hands Link to "Roots of the Crusades"

Pope Urban II at Clermont, 1095 Urban II calls for a ‘crusade to retake the Holy Land’ Promises the forgiveness of sins to anyone who fights in the crusade Deus Vult: God wills it

The First Crusade In 1096, the knights of the First Crusade set off Sacked Antioch in 1098 Conquered Jerusalem in 1099 The Crusaders massacred Jews and Muslims in their sack of the city Link to "Fall of Jerusalem"

Siege of Jerusalem, 1099

Godfrey de Bouillon and the Crusader Kingdoms

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre

Kingdom of Jerusalem Under Godfrey, Crusader knights built the current Church of the Holy Sepulchre and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem… By 1145 the Muslims were threatening to take it all back

The Second Crusade A Complete Disaster

Salah ad-Din Becomes Sultan in 1174 Known as Saladin, he is hailed as an example of a virtuous knight… …Probably because he beat the living daylights out of the Crusaders Salah ad-Din retook Jerusalem in 1187

The Third Crusade Richard the Lionheart launches the Third Crusade, with Frederick Barbarossa, and Philip II Frederick drowns, Philip quits, Richard stalemates with Saladin Jerusalem remains in Muslim hands

The Fourth Crusade, 1202 Pope Innocent III decides to launch the Fourth Crusade Second and Third Crusades ended in stalemate and failure Crusaders get involved in a Byzantine power dispute At the urging of Venice, the knights of the Fourth Crusade commit one of the greatest atrocities in Western History

Sack of Constantinople, 1204

The Sack of Constantinople For three days, the Crusaders destroyed the Christian city of Constantinople Priceless ancient and medieval Greek and Roman works were destroyed Relics were stolen from churches The Library of Constantinople was burned to the ground Unknown works of Sophocles were lost Women and children were slaughtered Numerous churches were burned

Aftermath of The Crusades Since 1187, parts of Jerusalem have remained in Muslim control The Catholic Church and Greek Orthodox Church irrevocably split The Crusades are still a source of tension between Christians and Muslims today The massacre of Jews became a regular feature of European life

Summarize In your interactive notebook, at the bottom of your notes page, write a short paragraph about today’s lesson. Write about: What the main idea of the lesson was AND what you learned today. Your summary should be able to explain today’s lesson to someone who was not in class today.