Fabric

Fabric Terms Weave: The interlacing of two sets of yarns at right angles Grain: The direction the threads run in a woven fabric Warp: The yarns that run in the lengthwise direction Weft: The filling yarns that run in the crosswise direction Nap: the layer of fiber ends that stand up from the surface of the fabric. Knit: The looping of yarns together Non-Woven: Joined fibers using adhesive, entanglement or heat fusion

Assignment: Use the supplies provided and complete four weaving samples: Plain Basket Twill Satin Identify the Weft and Warp yarns. Use samples provided in class Determine the structure of each fabric sample Attach a 2 inch sample to your note guide.

Plain Weave Most simple and most common type of construction Inexpensive to produce, durable Flat, tight surface is conducive to printing and other finishes Method of Construction: Each filling yarn goes alternately under and over the warp yarns Common Fabrics Cotton calicos, cheesecloth, gingham, percale, voile Household Uses Draperies, tablecloths, upholstery

Basket Weave A variation of the plain weave Usually basket or checkerboard pattern Contrasting colors are often used Inexpensive, less durable than plain weave Method of Construction: Two or more warps simultaneously interlaced with one or more fillings Common Fabrics: Monks cloth, oxford Household Uses: Wall hangings, pillows

Twill Weave Creates a diagonal, chevron, houndstooth, corkscrew, or other design The design is enhanced with colored yarn Is strong and may develop a shine Method of Construction: Three or more shafts; warp or filling floats over two or more counterpart yarns in progressive steps right or left Common Fabrics: Denim, gabardine, serge, tweed Household Uses: Upholstery, comforters, pillows

Satin Weave Smooth, soft luster Excellent drapability Floats snag easily Method of Construction: Floats one warp yarn over four or more weft yarns, then tied down with one thread, resulting in a smooth face Common Fabrics: Satin, satin-weave fabrics out of fabrics such as cotton. Household Uses: Draperies, quilts

Jacquard Weave Yarns woven into unlimited designs, often intricate, multicolor effect Expensive, but the design doesn=t fade or wear out Durability depends on the fiber used The Jacquard loom was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard Method of Construction: Warp is individually controlled with each pick passage creating intricate designs Common Fabrics: Brocade, damask, tapestry Household Uses: Upholstery, wall hangings

Leno A mesh-like fabric Method of Construction: Common Fabrics:   Leno A mesh-like fabric Method of Construction: A pair of warp threads are passed over and under the filling yarns in a figure 8 or an hourglass twist, creating a geometric pattern Common Fabrics: Thermal, netting Household Uses: Thermal Blankets, curtains

Uncut Pile Loops are possible on both sides of fabric Soft and absorbent, relatively inexpensive Can snag if loops are caught Method of Construction: Generally a plain or twill weave with a third dimension--additional warp yarn or filling yarn is introduced into the basic structure and forms a loop at regular intervals Common Fabrics: Frieze, terry cloth Household Uses: Upholstery, towels, carpet, area rugs

Cut Pile Soft and warm, resilient, absorbent May have a nap that must be matched May be expensive and need professional cleaning Method of Construction: Similar to uncut pile, but loops have been cut Common Fabrics: Corduroy, velvet, velveteen,velour Household uses: Upholstery, stage draperies

Knit Soft, stretchy Method of Construction: Common Fabrics: Interlooping yarns In weft knitting, loops are formed by hand or machine as yarn is added in crosswise direction. In warp knitting, loops are formed vertically by machine, one row at a time Common Fabrics: Raschel warp knits Household Uses: Not used extensively in design with the exception of raschel warp knits which are used in making curtains and draperies

Non-Woven Does not have a distinct pattern Generally stiff and somewhat scratchy Method of Construction: Fibers are bonded by mechanical or chemical means Common Fabrics: Pelon Household Uses: Bedding, backing for quilts, dust cloths for box springs, carpet backing, and upholstered furniture

Felt Soft, non-woven, can pull apart Method of Construction: Felting occurs when heat, moisture, agitation, and pressure are applied to wool fibers, causing the fibers to interlock permanently. Common Fabrics: Felt Household Uses: Padding, sound-proofing, insulation, filtering, and polishing, wall hangings and other decorative items

Film Plastic-like material, repels liquid, stiff Mildews, rots, tears Inexpensive, fairly durable Method of Construction: Made from synthetic solutions formed into thin sheets Common Fabrics: Vinyl Household Uses: Tablecloths, shower curtains, draperies, upholstery, and wall coverings

Foam Soft, air holes, absorbent, resilient Method of Construction: Rubber or polyurethane substance with air incorporated causing foaming, quite inexpensive, rots Common Fabrics: Sponges Household Uses: Carpet backing, padding, pillows and cushions, laminates to other fabrics

Weaving Project: Recycled Coaster

Step 1: Tear out 6 magazine pages Step 1: Tear out 6 magazine pages. Cut off the ragged edges on each, then cut each page in half lengthwise. Step 2: Fold each strip in half lengthwise. (A) Then fold resulting piece in thirds, folding the cut edges inward first so they are hidden inside. (B and C) Fold the long thick strip in half at the center. (D) Repeat with each magazine sheet.

Step #3: To start weaving, interlock two strips Step #3: To start weaving, interlock two strips. This is the bottom left corner of your coaster.

Step #4: Add another strip that wraps around the outside of the horizontal strips.

Step #5: Continue weaving Step #5: Continue weaving. Some strips will wrap around the outside of the coaster when you start them; some will be sandwiched between two existing strips. Be sure to push the papers tightly together. Flip your coaster over and check the back frequently to make sure nothing is going haywire back there.

Step #6: When the coaster has 6 horizontal and vertical strips, finish the edges. Trim off one end of the strip so it’s even with the edge of the coaster. Bring the other end around the edge of the coaster and tuck it under the closest weave to hide the raw ends.