Cellular Respiration

Overview of Respiration aerobic = requires oxygen to occur (ex: cellular respiration) vs. anaerobic = does not require oxygen to occur (ex: glycolysis and fermentation)

Overview of Respiration (cont) Organic Compounds Glycolysis ATP Oxygen Present Oxygen Absent Fermentation (anaerobic) Cellular Respiration (aerobic) No ATP ATP

- takes place in the cytoplasm of cells Glycolysis - takes place in the cytoplasm of cells - always occurring and does not require oxygen - occurs before cellular respiration or fermentation

- 2 ATP are used to start process Glycolysis (cont) - 2 ATP are used to start process - breaks down glucose into a net of 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, and 2 NADH

- Why is there a net of 2 ATP? Glycolysis (cont) - Why is there a net of 2 ATP? Used Made 4 - 2 = 2

Glycolysis (cont) - products (pyruvate and NADH) enter either cellular respiration or fermentation - Efficiency = 3.5 % (only 2 ATP are made)

Overview of Cellular Respiration = releases chemical energy from sugars and other organic compounds to make ATP when oxygen is present

Overview of Cellular Respiration (cont) - occurs in the mitochondria of cells

Overview of Cellular Respiration 1) Mitochondria 2) Pyruvate (from glycolysis) 3) Krebs Cycle takes place in matrix of mitochondria 4) ATP and CO2 5) Movement to Stage 2 6) Energy from Krebs Cycle & O2 7) ATP and H20

Overview of Respiration Organic Compounds Glycolysis ATP Oxygen Present Oxygen Absent Fermentation (anaerobic) Cellular Respiration (aerobic) No ATP ATP

Cellular Respiration – 2 Stages * occurs in the mitochondria 1) Krebs Cycle = produces molecules that carry energy to the second stage of cellular respiration

Cellular Respiration – 2 Stages (cont) - pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down - some ATP and other energy forms are made - carbon dioxide is given off as a waste product

Krebs Cycle

Cellular Respiration – 2 Stages (cont) 2) Electron Transport Chain - made of proteins - uses energy from Krebs cycle and oxygen to make ATP - water and heat are given off as waste products

Electron Transport Chain

Cellular Respiration – 2 Stages (cont) Efficiency of Cellular Respiration = 66% (38 ATP are made)

Equation for Cellular Respiration Reactants Products C6H12O6 + 6O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O (sugar = (oxygen) (carbon (water) glucose) dioxide)

- starts with glycolysis Fermentation - starts with glycolysis - does not make ATP (but allows glycolysis to continue)

Overview of Respiration Organic Compounds Glycolysis ATP Oxygen Present Oxygen Absent Fermentation (anaerobic) Cellular Respiration (aerobic) No ATP ATP

1) Lactic Acid Fermentation - occurs in your muscle cells Fermentation (cont) Types 1) Lactic Acid Fermentation - occurs in your muscle cells - produces lactic acid, results in muscle fatigue and cramps - produces NAD+ that goes back to glycolysis

Lactic Acid Fermentation

2) Alcoholic Fermentation Fermentation (cont) 2) Alcoholic Fermentation - produces alcohol (ethyl) and carbon dioxide - produces NAD+ that goes back to glycolysis

Alcoholic Fermentation

Importance of Fermentation - produces food products we use (bread, cheese, yogurt) - allows glycolysis to continue - microorganisms in digestive tract break down food (allows more nutrients to be absorbed)