Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration – the process by which cells break down food molecules (glucose) to produce ATP. Overall Equation for Aerobic Respiration C6H12O6  +  6 O2    6 H2O  +  6 CO2 What do you notice about this equation?

Purpose of Cellular Respiration Make ATP=Cell ENERGY ATP = like a rechargeable battery http://www.biologyinmotion.com/atp/index.html

Make the connection!

Cell Respiration Occurs in 3 main stages… 1. Glycolysis *Link Reaction (a short reaction that connects stage 1 and 2) 2. Citric Acid Cycle/ Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Stop, check, and reflect… What is ATP? What does cellular respiration need? How many stages are there in cellular respiration? energy currency of cell oxygen and glucose 3 stages

1st Stage: Glycolysis Breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate) Takes place in cytoplasm of a cell Is an Anaerobic process, requires no oxygen ATP net gain = 2 ATP Also 2 NADH (electron carriers) are produced.

Review… Which carbon compound is broken down? What carbon compound is the end product? What is the ratio of glucose molecules to the net number of ATP molecules at the end of the process?

Link Reaction Links glycolysis (stage 1) to Krebs cycle (stage 2) 2Acetyl-CoA C 2 Pyruvic Acid Links glycolysis (stage 1) to Krebs cycle (stage 2) Pyruvate moves into the mitochondria and becomes Acetyl-CoA. Makes 2 NADH and 2 CO2 per glucose.

2nd Stage: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) Occurs inside the mitochondria Is an Aerobic process, it requires oxygen to occur!

2nd Stage: Citric Acid Cycle/Kreb Cycle Krebs Write down the table to the right summarizing the Krebs cycle IN OUT 2 Acetyl-CoA 4 CO2 6 NAD+ 6 NADH 2 FAD 2 FADH2 2 ADP 2 ATP For every ONE glucose!

Stop and Think! ATP? 4 CO2? FADH? 6 NADH ? 2 10 SO far… For every ONE glucose molecule, how many of each has been made? 6 HINT: (remember we have been through Glycolysis, the link reaction, and the Citric Acid Cycle) 2 10

3rd Stage: Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Occurs in membrane of mitochondria to create a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions to power ATP production.

Electron Transport Chain (click here)! http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/etc/movie-flash.htm http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0003292010/student_view0/chapter7/animations_and_videos.html#

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Required Reactants: NADH FADH2 O2 (the final electron acceptor)– why you are breathing right now! Products 32-34 ATP!! H2O

Overall, aerobic cell respiration makes a net of 36- 38 ATP molecules Overall, aerobic cell respiration makes a net of 36- 38 ATP molecules!! (per glucose)

Organize and Summarize Glycolysis Link Reaction (Pyruvate to acetyl CoA) Krebs Cycle ETC What is needed? (reactants) What are the products? How many ATP are made?

Aerobic Respiration: Awesome Animation! F:\Desktop\Cool Videos\Cells\MH_CellularRespiration

Anaerobic Respiration Occurs when there is NO oxygen! Also called Fermentation!

Anaerobic Cell Respiration Animal cells make lactic acid as a waste product. Lactic acid causes muscle soreness Yeast and bacteria make CO2 and ethanol as waste products.

Anaerobic cell respiration is less efficient It only produces a net of 2 ATP (from glycolysis)

Extra slides (cut)

Forming ATP a. Energy required to add phosphate group to ADP b. Low energy ADP  High energy ATP (adenosine triphosphate) c. phosphate group that is added on stores energy Breaking down ATP a. When a phosphate is released from ATP it releases that energy and forms ADP. Note: We use 125 pounds of ATP per day.

Making the Connection Photosynthesis makes Glucose Glucose stores energy Respiration uses Glucose to make ATP Respiration releases energy from glucose to make ATP ATP powers the cell.

Foundational Facts… Parts of cellular respiration require oxygen and create carbon dioxide as waste. When we breath, O2 diffuses into our blood, and as we exhale CO2 diffuses out of our blood. Discuss with the person next to you how plants and animals are connected.