Differentiate prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Classify the following organisms as to what group they belong (Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes)

Who proposed the Category Domain? What are the three Domains of organisms? What are the Six Kingdoms of organisms? What kingdom belongs under Domain Archaea?

Activity: 1. Students will be divided into 3 groups. 2 Activity: 1. Students will be divided into 3 groups. 2. Distribution of Activity Sheet. 3. The students will watch videos about the Dead Sea, the Great Salt Lake and the Yellowstone National Park. 4. Record on the activity sheet your observation while the teacher supervised. 5. Teacher will choose one group to present their result.

Based on the video: 1. Describe the following: DEAD SEA, JORDAN

GREAT SALT LAKE OF UTAH, USA

YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK

2. Are there organisms living in these places. 3 2. Are there organisms living in these places? 3. Give examples of organisms living in these places based on the video you watched? 4. As human being, do you want to live in these places? Why?

Kingdom Archaebacteria “Ancient” bacteria The discovery in the 1977 biologists Carl Woese studying the genetic make up of microbes that produces methane and sequence the ribosomal RNA, it became obvious that their genetic sequence are different from bacteria and were infact, more closely related to eukaryotes (including ourselves!) Carl Woese have found the third from of life called Archaea.

CARL R. WOESE

Kingdom Archaebacteria What he found was the life form that; able to live anywhere in the planet including the most extreme or severe environments. Autotroph; that their ability to make food using materials (H2, S, CO2) in the earth’s crust. Today, some biologists believe that Archaea are the common ancestors from which bacteria and eukaryotes evolved and that includes you and me.

GENERAL/UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF ARCHAEBACTERIA Cell Type: Prokaryote Cell Structure: Have cell wall but lacks peptidoglycan. Body Form: Unicellular Nutrition: Autotroph or Heterotroph

Autotroph – (Producer) is an organism that creates its own food by fixing carbon. In other words autotrophs get their carbon directly from the carbon dioxide, which they use to create organic carbon compounds for use in their own cells. Heterotroph – (Consumer) comes from the Greek word “heteros” which means “other” or “different”; and trophe, “which means “nutrition”. Heterotrophs get their food from getting organic sources in their environment. This means eating or absorbing sources of organic carbon.

PARTS OF ARCHAEBACTERIA CELL

Kingdom Archaebacteria Their were about 100 species in the Archaebacteria Kingdom. They have also been called Extremophiles. (very hot, very cold, too acidic, too basic, and salty)

THREE MAIN GROUPS/ EXAMPLES OF ARCHAEBACTERIA 1. Methanogens these are found living in such anaerobic environments called anaerobes. As muck of swamps and marshes. Some inhabit digestive tracts of animals, human intestine, and ponds where animal, human and domestic wastes are treated. Also present on bottoms of lakes, swamps and rice fields.

They are autotrophic: using hydrogen as a source of energy for reducing carbon dioxide to food and giving off methane as by product. they produce methane gas (if you near rice paddies and swamps the bubbles that pop at the water surface is methane).

Methanogens Methane is a colorless and odorless gas. It is lighter than air and forms explosive mixtures with air or oxygen. Methane is utilized as biogas, a cheap alternative source of energy. It taps a characteristic of certain genera of archaebacteria to produce biogas. These are Methanobacterium, Methanosarcina, and Methanococcus.

Methanobacterium Methanococcus Methanosarcina

Methanogens These microorganisms break down complex molecules of animals manure and crop wastes into methane, a simple molecule (CH4). The microbial action occurs in the absence of oxygen through a process called fermentation. There are already communities and industries which obtain energy for their lightning and cooking fuel needs from the biogas technology. Examples: Methanobacterium ruminatum – from cow stomach. Methanospirillum hungatei – from waste treatment ponds

Methanobacterium ruminatum Methanospirillum hungatei Methanobacterium ruminatum

2. Halophiles hals Greek word for salt and phile for love. These are found in extreme/very salty environments such as Great Salt Lake and Dead Sea. Examples: Haloccocus dombrowski Halobacterium salinarum

Haloccocus dombrowski Halobacterium salinarum 2. Halophiles Haloccocus dombrowski Halobacterium salinarum

3. Thermophiles can live in a places with high temperature (these areas include volcanic hot springs with temperatures from 80 degrees Celsius to 110 degrees Celsius). Also inhabit the small deep sea openings where hot water with temperatures higher than 250 degrees Celsius come out (thermophiles turn hydrogen sulfide (H2S) released from these openings to food for other organisms and in turn are provided essential nutrients by the former.

Examples: Pyrodictium occultum Pyrococcus furiosus

IMPORTANCE OF THE ARCHAEBACTERIA Breaking down organic matter. Cleaning up environment. - Archae clean up contaminated sites example petroleum spills. Production of antibiotics Biogas Production

Any Questions??

HALOPHILES THERMOPHILES EXTREMOPHILES METHANOGENS ARCHAEBACTERIA ARCHAEA AUTOTROPH BIOGAS ANAEROBES AEROBES BACTERIA HETEROTROPH DEAD SEA YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK

Draw a simple Archaebacteria and label its parts.

ASSIGNMENT: 1. What is Bacteria Domain? 2. What is Kingdom Eubacteria? 3. What are the different shapes of bacteria? 4. What are the different human diseases causes bacteria?

THANK YOU VERY MUCH AND GOD BLESS US ALL Prepared by: AMYLYN MONTES DECHAVEZ