What are they and are they all bad??? BACTERIA’S What are they and are they all bad???

Characteristics of Bacteria Size: Microscopic Cell Type: Prokaryotic Body Type: Unicellular Found: Live Everywhere Are they bad? Many Cause Disease Many are Useful

Body Structure: May have flagella (whips) or cilia (hairs) Characteristics Continued Body Structure: May have flagella (whips) or cilia (hairs) for movement Have a cell wall May contain peptidoglycan (a sugar & protein polymer)

Archaebacteria vs. Eubacteria Considered “true bacteria” Have peptidoglycan. Live almost everywhere. Archaebacteria Are ancient. Lack peptidoglycan. Live mostly in harsh environments Salty lakes Thick mud Deep ocean vents Guts of animals

Eubacteria Archaebacteria Food Deep Ocean Vent Compost Hot Spring Pool @ Yellowstone Cavities

Sources of Energy Can be autotrophs or heterotrophs Autotrophs: Can be anaerobic or aerobic Fermentation: Respiration:

Growth & Reproduction They can reproduce in 2 ways: Binary Fission: splitting in half

Binary Fission

Conjugation: swapping genes over a bridge between two bacteria

Importance of Bacteria Decomposers- breakdown dead organisms into building blocks Nitrogen Fixation- converts N2 gas into usable nitrogen compounds Photosynthesis (oxygen) Oil spill clean up- transgenic bacteria digest oil Digestion aid & vitamin production Foods such as cheese and yogurt Medicines

Harmful Bacteria Cause disease Spoil food How to Treat Antiobiotic How to Prevent Good hygiene Vaccines Prepare food correctly