USMLE Step 1 Immunology.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Immune System.
Advertisements

14.3 Blood Groups and Transfusions
Immunity Chapter 40 Section 2. Lymphatic System.
THE BODY’S DEFENSE CHAPTER 43. Figure 43.4 The human lymphatic system.
Monoclonal Antibodies. Antibodies have important uses beyond fighting infections in the body. Production of long-lasting monoclonal antibodies is a recent.
MCB 135E: Discussion November 15-19, Immunology Development Function Important Aspects Bacterial Infection Complement Viral Infection Classes of.
DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNE SYSTEM - GESTATIONAL TOLERANCE (PREVENTING REJECTION - FETAL/NEONATAL PROTECTION - VACCINATION/IMMUNIZATION.
The Body Defenses. Body Defense Overview Innate Immunity –Barrier Defenses –Internal Defenses Acquired Immunity –Humoral Response –Cell-mediated Response.
Innate Defenses External defense skin, etc.. pH=3-5.
1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. CHAPTER 11 BLOOD.
 Nutrients from digestive tract to body cells  Oxygen from lungs to body cells  Wastes from cells to respiratory and excretory systems  Hormones to.
Chapter 43 ~ The Body’s Defenses
Bellwork Discuss with your group what you think is happening in the following processes. Why does your body undergo an allergic reaction? Why do some.
Complement. Innate Immunity Defensive mechanisms include : 1) Innate immunity (Natural or Non specific) 2) Acquired immunity (Adaptive or Specific ) Cell-mediated.
Immune System.
Immunology Chapter 43. Innate Immunity Present and waiting for exposure to pathogens Non-specific External barriers and internal cellular and chemical.
The Immune System Dr. Jena Hamra.
University of Ishik Faculty of dentistry Practical Medical Physiology
Constituents of the Blood Dr K K Hampton University of Sheffield.
Immune System Organs, Cells and Molecules that Protect Against Disease.
The Immune System. Protects our bodies from pathogens – disease causing agents May be bacteria, viruses, protists, fungi, etc Response could be nonspecific.
Blood Typing. Blood Groups Karl Landsteiner in the 1900’s discovered blood typing.
Health Occupations.  Identify key terms: Antigen & Antibody  Identify 4 Blood Types ◦ Antigens Present ◦ Antibodies Present ◦ Blood type donation/reception.
Lymphatic System (pg 338) Vessels that transport lymph through low pressure contractions and valves  Lymph= plasma like fluid that carries important chemical.
Immunology of blood transfusion
Blood Type.
Blood Made of Average person 4-6L 7.4 pH, acidosis if falls below 7.35
Objective 17 Hypersensitivity
Figure 43.1 An overview of the body's defenses
13/11/
Blood Groups.
The Lecture’s topics Blood groups ABO system *Transfusion reaction
Chapter 18 Immunological Disorders
Blood Groups.
Adaptive Defense System
Blood Typing Health Occupations.
The Circulatory System
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY: B CELLS AND ANTIBODIES
Immune System Chapter 43 AP/IB Biology.
Blood Review 1. What is the function of the red blood cells?
CHAPTER 24 The Immune System
The Adaptive Immune Response
Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders
CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Blood Types, AIDS and HIV
Blood.
Blood Typing A, B, AB and O Blood Types.
Quiz 3 review | September 21, 2016
Lesson 10 The Specific Immune Response
Ch 43 The Body’s Defense.
Rh blood system Difference between ABO and Rh blood types
The Body’s Defense Against Disease Unleashing the Fury of the Immune System Cytotoxic T-Cell killing a cancer cell Macrophage engulfing bacteria.
Chapter 43 Immune System.
Immune System Review.
The body’s defenders.
Quiz 3 review | September 23, 2015
The Lecture’s topics Blood groups ABO system *Transfusion reaction
Blood.
Chapter 43 Immune System.
Blood grouping and cross matching
Blood Typing Lab.
Blood Groups & Blood Transfusion
Bell Work 02/18/2015 Get out a new piece of paper to start a new round of Bell Works Put Today’s Date & Answer the Following Questions: What type of cell.
B cell T cell.
Chapter 11-Unit9 Immune System Review.
Lec.10 Immune response كلية المأمون الجامعة\قسم تقنيات التحليلات المرضية مادةالمناعة-النظري/المرحلةالثالثة م.م.رشد اياد عبدالحميد.
Specific Cellular Defences Against Pathogens
Specific Cellular Defences Against Pathogens
Immune System Helm’s (probably way too….) Short Version.
Blood grouping and cross matching
Presentation transcript:

USMLE Step 1 Immunology

Q1 A, Bone marrow B, Lung C, Spleen D, Thymus E, Yolk sac A 48-year-old man with chronic renal failure undergoes a cadaveric renal transplant. One week later, the patient has an elevated creatinine level. The surgical team is concerned about the possibility of acute transplant rejection. The cell type shown in the image is believed to be an important mediator of this process. In which of the following locations does this cell type complete maturation? A, Bone marrow B, Lung C, Spleen D, Thymus E, Yolk sac

Q2 A 23-year-old man comes to the physician with a bacterial infection. On questioning the patient reveals a history of recurrent bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Blood is drawn and sent for laboratory analysis, which reveals all level of immune cells (e.g., T and B lymphocytes) are low. Which of the following conditions is most likely to have caused the patient’s symptoms? A, Ataxia-telangiectasia B,Chédiak-Higashi disease C,Common variable immunodeficiency D,Job’s syndrome E,Autosomal severe combined immunodeficiency F,Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome G,X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Q2 A 23-year-old man comes to the physician with a bacterial infection. On questioning the patient reveals a history of recurrent bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Blood is drawn and sent for laboratory analysis, which reveals all level of immune cells (e.g., T and B lymphocytes) are low. Which of the following conditions is most likely to have caused the patient’s symptoms? A, Ataxia-telangiectasia B,Chédiak-Higashi disease C,Common variable immunodeficiency D,Job’s syndrome E,Autosomal severe combined immunodeficiency F,Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome G,X-linked agammaglobulinemia

Q2 A 23-year-old man comes to the physician with a bacterial infection. On questioning the patient reveals a history of recurrent bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Blood is drawn and sent for laboratory analysis, which reveals all level of immune cells (e.g., T and B lymphocytes) are low. Which of the following conditions is most likely to have caused the patient’s symptoms? A, Ataxia-telangiectasia B,Chédiak-Higashi disease C,Common variable immunodeficiency D,Job’s syndrome E,Autosomal severe combined immunodeficiency F,Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome G,X-linked agammaglobulinemia

SCID (Basic Immunology, Abbas, p.226) Q2 SCID (Basic Immunology, Abbas, p.226)

Q3 A,IFN-gamma B,IL-1 C,TGF-beta D,TNF-alpha E,TNF-beta A 13-year-old boy is diagnosed with a hyperactive immune system. Normally an antigen will activate the immune system to trigger a proinflammatory response. Following the proinflammatory response, anti-inflammatory signals then dampen the immune response to prevent it from causing damage. This patient has trouble dampening the immune response after it is no longer needed. Decreased activity in which of the following anti-inflammatory cytokines is most likely the basis for this boy’s condition? A,IFN-gamma B,IL-1 C,TGF-beta D,TNF-alpha E,TNF-beta Basic Immunology, Abbas p.283

Q3 A,IFN-gamma B,IL-1 C,TGF-beta D,TNF-alpha E,TNF-beta A 13-year-old boy is diagnosed with a hyperactive immune system. Normally an antigen will activate the immune system to trigger a proinflammatory response. Following the proinflammatory response, anti-inflammatory signals then dampen the immune response to prevent it from causing damage. This patient has trouble dampening the immune response after it is no longer needed. Decreased activity in which of the following anti-inflammatory cytokines is most likely the basis for this boy’s condition? A,IFN-gamma B,IL-1 C,TGF-beta D,TNF-alpha E,TNF-beta Basic Immunology, Abbas p.283

Q3 A,IFN-gamma B,IL-1 C,TGF-beta D,TNF-alpha E,TNF-beta A 13-year-old boy is diagnosed with a hyperactive immune system. Normally an antigen will activate the immune system to trigger a proinflammatory response. Following the proinflammatory response, anti-inflammatory signals then dampen the immune response to prevent it from causing damage. This patient has trouble dampening the immune response after it is no longer needed. Decreased activity in which of the following anti-inflammatory cytokines is most likely the basis for this boy’s condition? A,IFN-gamma B,IL-1 C,TGF-beta D,TNF-alpha E,TNF-beta Basic Immunology, Abbas p.283

Q4 A 19-year-old man comes to the physician with a bacterial infection. Without treatment, the patient’s immune system will most likely be able to fight off the infection within a few days. One of the tools the patient’s body uses against the organism is the membrane attack complex. The membrane attack complex functions as which of the following? A,A chemoattractant for neutrophils B,An anaphylactic signal causing degranulation of mast cells C,An opsonization molecule, facilitating phagocytosis D,A proteinaceous pore in the plasma membrane E,A scaffold on cell membrane to which antibodies can bind

Q4 A 19-year-old man comes to the physician with a bacterial infection. Without treatment, the patient’s immune system will most likely be able to fight off the infection within a few days. One of the tools the patient’s body uses against the organism is the membrane attack complex. The membrane attack complex functions as which of the following? A,A chemoattractant for neutrophils B,An anaphylactic signal causing degranulation of mast cells C,An opsonization molecule, facilitating phagocytosis D,A proteinaceous pore in the plasma membrane E,A scaffold on cell membrane to which antibodies can bind

Q4 A 19-year-old man comes to the physician with a bacterial infection. Without treatment, the patient’s immune system will most likely be able to fight off the infection within a few days. One of the tools the patient’s body uses against the organism is the membrane attack complex. The membrane attack complex functions as which of the following? A,A chemoattractant for neutrophils B,An anaphylactic signal causing degranulation of mast cells C,An opsonization molecule, facilitating phagocytosis D,A proteinaceous pore in the plasma membrane E,A scaffold on cell membrane to which antibodies can bind

Complement system - Early steps (Basic Immunology, Abbas, p.158) Q4 Complement system - Early steps (Basic Immunology, Abbas, p.158)

Complement system - Late steps (Basic Immunology, Abbas, p.161) Q4 Complement system - Late steps (Basic Immunology, Abbas, p.161)

Q5 To assess the risk of erythroblastosis fetalis occurring during the future pregnancy of an Rh-negative woman, a clinician sends a sample of serum for detection of anti Rh-blood group antibodies. The laboratory performs an indirect Coomb’s test by mixing the patient’s serum with Rh-positive RBCs and then adding an anti-IgG antibody. In doing so, the laboratory technician observes agglutination of the RBCs. After receiving this test result, the clinician would be correct to conclude which of the following? A,The Coomb’s test yielded a negative result, and therefore the mother does not have anti-Rh antibodies B,The laboratory performed the test incorrectly; they should have mixed the patient’s serum with Rh-negative rather than Rh-positive RBCs C,The patient has had previous pregnancies and all of her children are Rh-negative D,The patient is currently pregnant with Rh-positive fetus E,The presence of anti-Rh antibodies in the patient’s serum suggests that she has been pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus

Q5 To assess the risk of erythroblastosis fetalis occurring during the future pregnancy of an Rh-negative woman, a clinician sends a sample of serum for detection of anti Rh-blood group antibodies. The laboratory performs an indirect Coomb’s test by mixing the patient’s serum with Rh-positive RBCs and then adding an anti-IgG antibody. In doing so, the laboratory technician observes agglutination of the RBCs. After receiving this test result, the clinician would be correct to conclude which of the following? A,The Coomb’s test yielded a negative result, and therefore the mother does not have anti-Rh antibodies B,The laboratory performed the test incorrectly; they should have mixed the patient’s serum with Rh-negative rather than Rh-positive RBCs C,The patient has had previous pregnancies and all of her children are Rh-negative D,The patient is currently pregnant with Rh-positive fetus E,The presence of anti-Rh antibodies in the patient’s serum suggests that she has been pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus

Q5 To assess the risk of erythroblastosis fetalis occurring during the future pregnancy of an Rh-negative woman, a clinician sends a sample of serum for detection of anti Rh-blood group antibodies. The laboratory performs an indirect Coomb’s test by mixing the patient’s serum with Rh-positive RBCs and then adding an anti-IgG antibody. In doing so, the laboratory technician observes agglutination of the RBCs. After receiving this test result, the clinician would be correct to conclude which of the following? A,The Coomb’s test yielded a negative result, and therefore the mother does not have anti-Rh antibodies B,The laboratory performed the test incorrectly; they should have mixed the patient’s serum with Rh-negative rather than Rh-positive RBCs C,The patient has had previous pregnancies and all of her children are Rh-negative D,The patient is currently pregnant with Rh-positive fetus E,The presence of anti-Rh antibodies in the patient’s serum suggests that she has been pregnant with an Rh-positive fetus

Q5

Sources First Aid Q&A for the USMLE STEP 1 (2nd edition) Basic Immunology, Abbas et. al Google

www.lekarskeknihy.cz, www.ilc.cz, www.megabooks.cz