Multiscale aspects of cloud-resolving simulations over complex terrain

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Presentation transcript:

Multiscale aspects of cloud-resolving simulations over complex terrain Wolfgang Langhans, Jürg Schmidli, Christoph Schär Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss January 25, 2012 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

What is cloud-resolving? Also know as: cloud-permitting / convection-permitting cloud system-resolving typically x ~ 1 km nonhydrostatic dynamics resolves deep convection explicitly no parameterization for deep convection may not fully resolve turbulent eddies ... and requires sgs-microphysics parameterization Δ 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

What is cloud-resolving? Weisman et al., MWR (1997) Moeng et al., JAS (2010) 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Moist orographic convection Fair-weather diurnal convection Weak synoptic-scale forcing Conditionally unstable profiles Triggered from heated surface Pronounced thermally driven flows Observed precipitation (Switzerland) July 2006 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Convection parameterizations Randall et al., BAMS (2003): “The cloud parameterization problem is “deadlocked,” in the sense that our rate of progress is unacceptably slow.” SCM GCM (IFS; dx~40 km) RCM (CLM; dx~25 km) mm/h 12 24 UTC Bechtold et al., QJ (2004) Brockhaus et al., MZ (2008) 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss Questions 1) Can simulations using parameterized deep convection be improved by increasing numerical resolution? 2) Do cloud-resolving simulations converge? 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Comparison of CPM and CRMs Long-term (18 days) simulations: CRMs (1.1 and 2.2 km) vs. CPM (6.6 km) Evaluate diurnal evolution of surface flow, its forcing, clouds, and precipitation for the Alpine region Model domain Measurement sites 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Comparison of CPM and CRMs Diurnal cycle of precipitation and Alpine-scale convergence 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Comparison of CPM and CRMs Average midday near-surface flow Cloud-resolving Convection-parameterizing 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Comparison of CPM and CRMs Observed CRM 1.1 km CRM 2.2 km CPM 6.6 km 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Comparison of CPM and CRMs Average valley wind (Switzerland) and precipitation 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Comparison of CPM and CRMs Average valley wind (Switzerland) and precipitation 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Comparison of CPM and CRMs Average valley wind (Switzerland) and precipitation 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Comparison of CPM and CRMs Average diurnal cycle of cloud cover for Alpine region Low Mid 3 h High Observation (Meteosat-8) Convection-parameterizing Cloud-resolving 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss Short summary Increasing resolution will not improve the errorenous timing of convective activity in simulations using traditional parameterizations of deep convection The discontinuity introduced by the parameterization prevents the convergence with kilometer-scale cloud- resolving runs Differences between CRMs (1.1 and 2.2) are found to be small (except local valley winds) Do CRMs converge? 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

What governs convergence of CRMs? Stability and consistency of applied numerical schemes Reynolds number (i.e., eddy viscosity) Underlying topography Predictability Response of other parameterizations (e.g., microphysics) to modified grid-scale flow Numerical convergence of CRMs? Physical convergence of CRMs? 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Setup for convergence experiment Approach analogous to method applied by Mason and Brown, JAS (1999) Turbulent length-scales Physical convergence Numerical convergence Physical convergence Langhans et al., JAS (submitted) 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Setup for convergence experiment Topography: Grid-independent A B C D Predictability: Bulk properties for a large Alpine control volume and for an ensemble of nine consecutive days 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Resolved energetic scales Numerical convergence Physical convergence Involved scales are grid-independent Involved scales are grid-dependent 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Small-scale cloud structures Numerical convergence: constant Reynolds numbers Physical convergence: increasing Reynolds numbers 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Numerical bulk convergence Net volume heating Net volume moistening 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Numerical bulk convergence RMSE for Heating RMSE for Moistening Δ x Δ x All bulk properties converge to the 0.55 km solution Bulk heating/moistening and vertical fluxes are almost resolution- independent at km-scales 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Physical bulk convergence Mean diurnal cycles for heating (“3D turbulence closure”) Weak sensitivity of net PBL heating/moistening to horizontal resolution Compensating behavior of advection and diabatic tendencies 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Mean diurnal cycle of precipitation Numerical Conv. Phys. Conv. (1D) Phys. Conv. (3D) mm/h averaged for Alpine region 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Physical bulk convergence decreasing resolution-sensitivity decreasing resolution-sensitivity 1D turbulence closure 3D turbulence closure 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Summary and conclusions Numerical convergence of bulk properties has been demonstrated Physical convergence is reflected in bulk properties for 1D closure Physical convergence is less obvious for a 3D closure, but resolution-sensitivity is generally small for net tendencies Physical convergence is also reflected in precipitation The grid spacing required to simulate the bulk PBL heating/moistening rates appears not to be controlled by eddy- resolving scales or by the subgrid-scale mixing parameterization Results enhance the credibility of kilometer-scale simulations and strengthen the physical validity of the approach 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Open questions on bulk convergence Does the large-scale topographic forcing support the convergence of bulk properties? Is the “isotropy-assumption” of the LES closure valid at km-scales? Would lv~dz, lh~dx yield an improved bulk convergence? What causes the precise compensation among turbulence and microphysics tendencies? 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Explicit numerical diffusion + COSMO-specific technical detail (COSMO-LES and budget tool) will be presented in the next issue of the COSMO newsletter 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss

Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss Thanks! 25.01.2012 Wolfgang Langhans, NWP Seminar MeteoSwiss