SMART GRID BASED FAULT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM Presented By Guided By R.Poornima (91708112024) Mrs.H.Abirami, Asst. Prof/ICE A.Ramalakshmi (91708112027) M.Saroj Krishna Priya(91708112029)

OBJECTIVE The aim of our project is to provide quick access of fault. SERVICE PROVIDER DISTRIBUTOR CONSUMER

ABSTRACT Smart grid provides an excellent solution to enhance the performance of power system. The proposed system is used to automatically detect the faults such as short circuit, ground fault, overload in a power line. Detected fault is communicated through wireless technology.

FAULT IN POWER LINE FAULT LOCATING TECHNIQUES Terminal method parameters measured at the ends of cable Tracer method Inspection along the cable TYPES OF FAULT Transient fault Symmetric fault Asymmetric fault Persistent fault

SMART GRID A system of interconnected micro grid that can monitor & heal itself A two way digital communication system Uses smart meters, power line sensors, remote switches, and other automated equipment to improve power reliability and restoration

ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM

FUNCTIONS OF DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION Stepping down the transmission voltage up to the distribution voltage level. Distribution of power in multiple directions. Disconnect and re-connect from the H/V transmission grid or L/V distribution feeders using circuit breakers.

TYPES OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM RADIAL DISTRIBUTION RING DISTRIBUTION

BLOCK DIAGRAM-TRANSMITTER MODULE CURRENT SENSOR(CURRENT TRANSFORMER) PIC 16F877A RELAY CIRCUIT ENCODER TRIPPING UNIT RF TRANSMITTER TEMPERATURE SENSOR TRANSFORMER

BLOCK DIAGRAM-RECEIVER MODULE RF RECEIVER MODULE DECODER PIC 16F877A CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR LOGIC CONVERTER RS 232 LOGIC

HARDWARE COMPONENTS – TRANSMISSION END Current transformer Temperature sensor (LM35) Input module of PIC Rectifier Filter Voltage regulator Peripheral Interrupt Controller Tripping unit Encoder RF transmitter

HARDWARE COMPONENTS – RECEIVING END RF receiver Decoder Crystal Oscillator Logic converter (MAX 232) Grid server

SOFTWARE PICkit-2 Proteus MPLAB – IDE System Analysis : Embedded C Visual Basic

SYSTEM ANALYSIS Sensor senses the change in current and temperature Corresponding coding for the fault is sent through RF transmitter to the substation The state of power line is continuously monitored by visual basic software.

SHORT CIRCUIT an abnormal connection of low resistance between two points of a circuit They sense the excess current and break the circuit so that no current can flow When excess of current flows through a power line which is greater than its resistance, short circuit occurs The current transformer serves as a current sensor.

BREAKAGE – EXCESS OF TEMPERATURE rise in temperature of a power line may be due to excess of current or other environmental factors Under such condition the power line which has low resistance towards temperature will break easily temperature rise is detected by temperature sensor.

PROJECT INFERENCE The fault thus identified is sent to the substation through the RF module. The state of power line is continuously monitored using visual basic. Includes the nature of fault, time of occurrence, temperature of oil in transformer, location of power line, time taken to rectify the fault and reset condition.

ALGORITHM FOR TRANSMITTER MODULE 1. Start the program. 2. Initialize the I/O and serial baud rate as 9600. 3. Check the condition for over load If the current value > 2.8 A Set Flag1 = 0 4. Check the condition of temperature If the temperature > 32°C Set Flag2= 0 5. If flag1 or flag2 is 0, trip the circuit. 6. Encode the output signal to transmitter module

ALGORITHM FOR RECEIVER MODULE 1. Start the program 2. Initialize the I/O and serial baud rate as 9600. 3. If flag1=1 or flag2=1, decode the signal 4. Convert TTL – RS232 logic

ALGORITHM – VISUAL BASIC 1. Start the program. 2. Initialize the values for comm_port, temperature and current. 3. If comm_port value is high, read the decoded values. 4. If temperature flag is high, glow red; Else glow green. 5. If current flag is high, glow red; 6. Display until the flag is reset. 7. Record the time of occurrence.

SCREEN SHOT – FAULT DETECTION

CONCLUSION By our project an automatic fault identification is developed. Quick access of fault Eliminates the barrier involved in communication

FUTURE WORK Routing of power using Internet Protocol to ensure uninterrupted power supply

THANK YOU