Chapter 7 Launching a New Nation

George Washington leads a new nation 1789: George Washington became the first president of the United States Many American’s wanted him to be president Honest Hero of the revolution

Electors from the 11 states that passed the Constitution met in January 1789 to vote They formed a group called the electoral college – a body of electors who represent the peoples vote in choosing a president They selected Washington unanimously and chose John Adams to be vice president

Martha Washington First lady Martha Washington entertained at social events

Congress and the president organize the executive and judicial branches Executive branch: The new government would set precedent or examples for future action. Congress created executive departments. Dept of State, Treasury, and War The presidents cabinet served as his advisors Alexander Hamilton was chosen as Secretary of the Treasury, and Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State

Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 to set up the federal court system. The act created three levels of federal courts and defined powers. It set up federal district courts and circuit courts of appeals. The president nominated federal judges.

Expectations The U.S. had 4 million people in 1790 Most were farmers Fair tax laws Settle western land Merchants, laborers, and craftspeople wanted help with their businesses The first capital was New York City Trade center and economic hub 33,000 people and growing rapidly

Expectations Some Americans lived in growing cities like New York. However, the new republic was overwhelmingly rural. Most Americans lived and worked on farms. Why might rural Americans and urban Americans want different things from their new government?

Hamilton and National Finances

W Philadelphia Washington D.C. It is 141 miles from Philadelphia to Washington D.C.

VS. Alexander Hamilton

What is a political party? A political party is a group of people who have similar beliefs about how government should be run. These people work together to influence government actions, elect candidates who support their beliefs and try to guide the growth of the country. http://youtu.be/fNR_N6q1NBM

Democratic Republican Party Thomas Jefferson and James Madison founded the Democratic Republican Party Who joined and supported the Democratic Republican Party? Farmers Craft workers Some wealthy planters

Federalist Party Alexander Hamilton founded the Federalist Party Who joined and supported the Federalist Party? Merchants Southern planters

Democratic Republicans Federalists Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson Emphasis on manufacturing, shipping, trading Strong central government Loose interpretation of the Constitution Pro-British Favored national bank Favored protective tariffs Wealthy and well educated should lead the nation Emphasis on agriculture (farming) Strong state governments Strict interpretation of the Constitution Pro French Opposed national bank Opposed protective tariffs All types of people should have political power

Challenges for the New Nation French Revolution: The French rebel against their King and establish a republican government based on the example of the United States.

French Revolution The French wanted to spread their ideas of revolution to other countries which led to war with Britain. Violent: King Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette were beheaded.

Read Page 244 The Neutrality Proclamation The French Question

Threats to U.S. Neutrality British ships seized American ships carrying food the West Indies British were helping Native Americans fight settlers U.S. lacked a strong navy U.S. business relied on trade with Britain

Jay’s Treaty Jay’s Treaty settled the disputes between Britain and the U.S. British would pay damages on seized American ships Abandon their forts on the northwestern frontier U.S. would pay its debts it owed to Britain

Pinckney’s Treaty Settled the border and trade disputes with Spain. Opened the port of New Orleans to American ships

Read page 246 – 247: Conflict in the Northwest Territory up to The Whiskey Rebellion

Whiskey Rebellion http://youtu.be/hX9gKS7uMZY?t=28s 5:30

Washington George Washington decides not to run for a third term as president. Read page 249 What are some of the dangers Washington warned about?