UNIT 1 Matter Day 5 September 6, 2017 Physical Properties of Matter 8th Grade Science

September 6, 2017 No science starter – (1) Turn in late density worksheet and late flash cards through #5. (not 6-9) (2) Write your homework into your agenda NOW!

Matter Plan for today: 1. Warm-up – Application 2. E. Q. 3. Review “Density” homework sheet 4. Specific Heat Lab- -Drawing conclusions -Making connections 5. More physical properties of matter – Specific Heat, Solubility -Discussion -Notes -Lab – Sweet and Salty Solubility 6. Review of physical properties 7. Wrap-up

This E.Q. should be on page 7. Essential Question – How do physical properties make different substances useful for different purposes?

Homework: Make flash cards for terms: (10)specific heat (11)solubility Have 2-11 ready to turn in tomorrow. 2. Study over ALL of your flash cards for about 10 minutes tonight.

Let’s discuss flash cards and review the density worksheet.

10. Specific heat - How much energy it takes to increase the temperature of a substance 1ºC A.D. A high specific heat means it takes a LOT of energy/heat to change the temperature of the substance. A.D. Water has a high specific heat. Metals have low specific heat. High specific heat Low specific heat

Specific Heat Lab Conclusion: _____________ had a higher specific heat than _______________ because it (water) heated up more slowly (took longer to absorb energy-heat) and cooled down more slowly than sand (was slower to release energy-heat).

SO WHAT. WHY does the specific heat of water matter to life on earth SO WHAT??? WHY does the specific heat of water matter to life on earth????? Because of the high specific heat of water, our oceans are able to act as a thermostat for the planet. They absorb energy slowly from the sun and release it slowly back into the atmosphere. This keeps temperatures on earth moderate(not too hot or too cold) so it can support life from pole to pole. In what other ways is the high specific heat of water useful? Water is used in cooling towers and reactors at nuclear power plants. Because it is slow to heat up, it helps to keep the reactors from getting too hot even while a nuclear reaction (that releases a lot of heat) is taking place.

Examples of: Observable Physical Properties 11. Solubility: (More on the next 2 slides) The ability to dissolve in another substance. Ex: sugar dissolves in water; there are dissolved solids and gases in our bloodstream and tissues.

Why does solubility really matter in the real world? A.D. Medicines are soluble. They move through our bloodstream and into our cells.

Why does solubility really matter in the real world? A.D. Gases such as oxygen are soluble. Oxygen is dissolved in oceans, rivers, lakes, etc. Why is this important?

Why does solubility really matter in the real world? Landfills are filling up with trash. We have to find alternatives to materials that are not biodegradable. Demo lab with packing peanuts

Let’s work with our lab group on a “Sweet and Salty” lab Let’s work with our lab group on a “Sweet and Salty” lab. You will attach it to page 8. ***Work quickly and cooperatively. ***Use only the amount of each substance called for in the lab instructions. ***Clean up your work area.

Stop here for 9-6-17

Observable Physical Properties 12.State of Matter: Def. Matter can either be a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma. A.D. It is a physical property. A.D. Substances can change from one state to another. (But the substance doesn’t change into anything different. It is a physical change.) Ex. water in liquid form is water; water in solid form is ice; water in gas form is water vapor; any change from one phase to another is a physical change.

PARTICLES of a SOLID (Physical Property) Pattern: ATOMS (PARTICLES) ARE ARRANGED CLOSELY PACKED TOGETHER Movement: VIBRATE Shape/Volume: HAS FIXED SHAPE & FIXED VOLUME

In Solids, the particles are very tightly packed SO: THE OBJECT IS HARDER THE MORE DIFFICULT IT IS TO BREAK THEM APART THE MORE ENERGY NEEDED TO CHANGE FROM A SOLID TO A LIQUID

The particles in a LIQUID: Pattern: none Movement: atoms roll or slide over each other and move faster than a solid. Shape: No fixed shape, takes shape of container Volume: Fixed

Movement: PARTICLES MOVE VERY FAST & AS FAR APART AS THEY CAN GET The particles in a GAS: Pattern: none Movement: PARTICLES MOVE VERY FAST & AS FAR APART AS THEY CAN GET Shape: NO FIXED SHAPE, takes shape of container Volume: No fixed volume

The particles in PLASMA: Pattern: none Movement: Particles move very fast and are therefore very HOT Shape/Volume: NO FIXED SHAPE OR VOLUME Facts: Most common state of matter in the universe. Most Uncommon state of matter on Earth. Found in lightning, fluorescent lights and stars (Sun)

What causes matter to move through changes? Temperature changes!

Measurable Properties of Matter Temperature – A measure of how hot or cold a substance is. Calculate – Use a thermometer Unit – degrees Fahrenheit/ Celsius (in USA we use F)

Boiling point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas at a given pressure water (H2O) = 100o C (212o F) Calculate – Use a thermometer

Melting point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid at a given pressure water (H2O) = 0o C (32 o F) Calculate – Use a thermometer

Freezing Point: the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a Solid at a given pressure water (H2O) = 0o C (32 o F) Calculate – Use a thermometer

13. Physical Change Def. - a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance. A.D. Only changes the appearance of the substance/object; does NOT change the composition or identity of the substance;  Ex. melting a stick of butter or a popsicle; freezing water to make ice cubes; crushing a can most are easily reversible.

Wrap-up…Answer today’s E.Q. on page 7.

Stop here for 9-7-17