Warm-up Based on what you learned so far describe sedimentary and igneous rocks.

Igneous rocks Made of interlocking crystals of minerals that cool and crystallize out of magma(molten rock)

Read digging Deeper “u17-u20” Take notes

Examples: gold(Au),quartz(SiO2) What are minerals A solid Inorganic Natural occurring not man made Definite chemical composition that be expressed as a formula or element 3 dimensional atom arrangement(crystal structure) Examples: gold(Au),quartz(SiO2)

Characteristics of Igneous rocks Resistant to chemical weathering Minerals are the building blocks 6 kinds of minerals that are common in Igneous rocks: Quartz, feldspars, micas, pyroxenes, amphiboles, and olivines Called the silicates

Quartz Quartz is a chemical compound consisting of one part silicon and two parts oxygen. It is silicon dioxide (SiO2). It is the most abundant mineral found at Earth's surface, and its unique properties make it one of the most useful natural substances.

Feldspars Feldspar is the name given to a group of minerals distinguished by the presence of alumina and silica (SiO2) in their chemistry.  This group includes aluminum silicates of soda, potassium, or lime. It is the single most abundant mineral group on Earth.  They account for an estimated 60% of exposed rocks, as well as soils, clays, and other unconsolidated sediments, and are principal components in rock classification schemes.

Mica, any of a group of hydrous potassium, aluminum silicate minerals Mica, any of a group of hydrous potassium, aluminum silicate minerals. It is a type of phyllosilicate, exhibiting a two-dimensional sheet or layer structure. Among the principal rock-forming minerals, micas are found in all three major rock varieties—igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

Pyroxene, any of a group of important rock-forming silicate minerals of variable composition, among which calcium-, magnesium-, and iron-rich varieties predominate

Amphiboles are found principally in metamorphic and igneous rocks Amphiboles are found principally in metamorphic and igneous rocks. They occur in many metamorphic rocks, especially those derived from mafic igneous rocks (those containing dark-coloured ferromagnesian minerals) and siliceous dolomites. Amphiboles also are important constituents in a variety of plutonic and volcanic igneous rocks that range in composition from granitic to gabbroic.

Olivines are an important rock-forming mineral group Olivines are an important rock-forming mineral group. Magnesium- rich olivines are abundant in low-silica mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks and are believed to be the most abundant constituent of the Earth’s upper mantle

Igneous rocks are formed from cooling of magma 2 types of igneous rock: Intrusive : magma that cools and solidifies before it reaches the earth surface extrusive: Formed when lava( magma that reaches the earth’s surface) cools

Classifying igneous rocks: Texture Course grained large crystals formed by slow cooling of magma(intrusive) Fine grained: small crystals from rapid cooling of magma(extrusive)

Chemical composition Quartz, feldspars, micas are rich in silica and poor in iron and magnesium, are light in color and associated with lithospheric plates moving together. pyroxenes, amphiboles, and olivines are rich in iron and magnesium and are typically dark in color, associated with lithospheric plates spreading apart Intermediates chemical compostion of iron-magnesium and;silicates.andesite and diorite

Igneous rocks video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Poj0DQuiH_c Felsic Rock : Light colored rocks that contain high amounts of quartz and feldspar: FEL-feldspar + SIC-Silica Mafic: Dark colored rocks that contain high amounts of Magnesium and iron. Ma: magnesium + FIC : I Ferrous(another name for iron)

Exit ticket: Describe the difference between intrusive and extrusive rocks. How do the main types of igneous rocks form? Explain how the texture reveals how the igneous rock is formed.

Unit 2 objectives Learn how sedimentary rocks form by producing models of mudstone, rock salt, sandstone, conglomerate, and sediment deposition and think about different rocks’ physical appearances. Students carefully observe common sedimentary rocks and write qualitative and quantitative descriptions of rock samples. Students then use their experimental evidence to determine whether each rock sample is clastic, organic, or chemical. Students examine a geologic map of their community to determine which kinds of sedimentary rocks are found near them to interpret their community’s geologic history in the Chapter Challenge. Content reading explains the different types of sedimentary rocks (clastic, organic, chemical), how sedimentary rocks form, and using sedimentary rocks to infer past environmental conditions. Igneous rocks are investigated and classified. Students learn where these rocks originate and what their chemical compositions are. Metamorphic rocks are then identified and classified, and evidence of their presence in our community is described. Students then learn how to read a geologic map of the Earth, identifying the types of rocks recently investigated. Finally, students use their understanding of plate tectonics gained in Unit 1 to investigate how the forces involved in shifting plates result in folding and faulting.