Warm-up- Interpreting Graphics ½ sheet Open your workbooks to page 263. Write your name and lay them open on the counter at station 3. Take out your “Disturbances and Unconformities in Rock Layers” homework. Warm-up- Interpreting Graphics ½ sheet

Unit 3 Earth History: Day 4 Focus: Relative Age of Rocks 11/6/17 Warm-up: Complete the “Interpreting Graphics” activity ½ sheet and tape it onto page 4.

Any disturbance in rock layers… Faulting Folding Igneous intrusions Unconformities occurred after the rock layers were already formed. These features are said to be “younger” (more recent) than the rock layers they affect or cut across. This is the principle of cross-cutting relationships.

Refresher: Weathering (breakdown of existing rocks by wind, water, or gravity) produces sediment. Erosion (transport of sediment) brings sediment to locations where it is laid down horizontally (deposition) due to gravity. The principle of original horizontality says that sediment is deposited in horizontal layers (eventually becoming sedimentary rock).

Refresher: Layers of sediment are covered by new layers over time. Sediment hardens and becomes sedimentary rock. The Law of Superposition states that deeper layers are older (and so are the fossils in them) and shallower layers are younger (fossils are younger, too).

Plan for the Day Review homework sheet Group activity – “Ordering Geologic Events” 3. Begin “How Do You Stack Up?” model-making lab 4. Wrap-up

Homework Worksheet on the rock cycle – due Weds. Quiz Thursday on relative age-dating of rocks/Law of superposition and theories of geologic change (Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism) Homework

Copy on page 3 -Essential Question – How can the position of rock layers, disturbances in them, and index fossils help us know the age of the layers?

Let’s review the homework and then work on the “Ordering Geologic Events” activity. When your group finishes “Ordering Geologic Events”, one group member may come over and get enough “Rock Cycle” worksheets for your group.

“How Do You Stack Up?” …creating a geologic column using rock outcrops from different locations.

Stopped here 2017-2018

Shading rock types: Conglomerate – light brown Fine sandstone – green Coarse sandstone – red Siltstone – blue Dark shale – don’t shade Light shale – yellow Limestone – purple **Identify the types of rock for the other layers based on the rock patterns, and color them accordingly. The fossils may be different, but the rock types are the same as the others that are labeled for you.

Stop here.

Notes 3. What information do fossils provide? 2. Fossil: the preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past; **form when living things die & are buried by sediments. Over time the sediments slowly harden into rock. (Sedimentary rock) 3. What information do fossils provide? Evidence of how life & environmental conditions changed over time Processes we see today (erosion, plate movement, changes in composition of the atmosphere) have happened throughout Earth’s history (Uniformitarianism) Occasional catastrophes (asteroids, comets, super volcanoes) have also influenced Earth’s history (Catastrophism)

4. Clues to the diversity of living things over Earth’s history 5. Clues to past climate and surface changes on Earth 6. Clues to changes that have occurred with organisms over time, including mass extinctions of species http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.evo.becfossil/

4. Types of fossils Mold fossil: forms when sediments bury an organism & the sediments change into rock; the organism decays leaving a cavity in the shape of the organism Cast fossil: forms when a mold Is filled with sand or mud that hardens into the shape of the organism

Petrified fossil (permineralized): forms when minerals soak into the buried remains, replacing the remains, & changing them into rock. Preserved fossil: forms when entire organisms or parts of organisms are prevented from decaying by being trapped in rock, ice, tar, or amber. (bog mummies)

Another example of a preserved fossil found in Denmark in a bog of tar Another example of a preserved fossil found in Denmark in a bog of tar. They are called the “bog mummies” Trace Fossils: form when the mud or sand hardens to stone where a footprint, trail, or burrow of an organism was left behind.

NOW Observe the fossil at the left. What does it look like? Where do you think you’d find such a fossil? Would it surprise you to know that fossils similar to this were found in the Sahara Desert? What might you infer about how they got there? With your partner, let’s start reading our Fossil guide together. Highlight important information. Be prepared to share & take notes.

Wrap-up: Write a summary statement explaining the most important thing you learned today. How does it affect you and your world?

End of Day One

Focus: Fossils & Relative Age Dating Earth History: Day 2 Focus: Fossils & Relative Age Dating 4/9/13 Essential Question? How does the fossil record substantiate the age of Earth and the change of its lifeforms & environments? Warm-up: 1. Complete a tree map classifying the types of fossils

Agenda Tree Map Learning Targets in notebook Read Language Objectives Write homework in your notebook Work with a partner on the Finding the Relative Age of Rocks section of the Reading Guide Wrap-up

Learning Targets To infer the age of Earth and relative age of rocks and fossils using index fossils and the ordering of rock layers To describe how geologist use index fossils to date rocks

Language Objectives I will use a tree map to classify fossils. I will read text material for content and meaning while completing a vocabulary concept sheet. I will participate in a class discussion while taking written notes.

Homework Complete the Review & Reinforce section 4-2, “Finding the Relative Age of Rocks” Complete the “Building Vocabulary” part of the Review & Reinforce Section 4-2. Complete “The Grandest Canyon of All” in the Enrich section on the space provided on p4..

NOW From yesterday, we know that fossils tell us about how rocks/the Earth’s surface, life forms, environment have changed over time. Geologists can even tell us how old rock formations are. How do you think they do this? Let’s start reading about Relative Age of Rocks together in order to answer some of these questions. Be prepared to take notes.

Wrap-up: Look at Fig 8 on p441. Let’s relatively date the layers and explain your rationale. Wrap-up answer: From the bottom; oldest to youngest: Layer 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, igneous intrusion, igneous dike (straight), layer 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.