Chapter 14 The Presidency In Action

Section 1: The Growth of Presidential Power Reasons for the Growth of Presidential Power Unity of presidency Authority delegated by Congress Citizen’s demand for leadership President’s ability to act quickly during crises President’s views and way of fulfilling roles President’s ability to use media

Section 2: The Executive Powers Power to execute the Law To execute and interpret all federal laws Oath of office “take care” clause Ordinance Power To administer government using executive orders Implied in Constitution Delegated by Congress Appointment and Removal Power To appoint high-ranking officials To remove any officer (except federal judges) Article II, Section 2, Clause 2; First Congress

Section 3: Diplomatic and Military Powers Treaties Senate must give 2/3 approval Executive Agreements Similar to treaties Do not supersede federal or State laws Does not need Congressional approval Expire with change in administration

Withdrawal of recognition Power of Recognition Exchange diplomats Recall of diplomats Show our displeasure with another country that has a diplomat in the US Persona non grata—an unwelcome person Withdrawal of recognition Severe Usually a step towards war Commander in Chief Make undeclared war Seek Congressional resolution to deploy troops Congress hasn’t declared War since WWII Resolutions that authorize POTUS to meet certain international crises with military force

Section 4: Legislative and Judicial Powers Checks on the Legislative Branch Veto Sign the bill into law Veto and send back to Congress; which they can overturn (rare) Allow bill to become law by not acting within 10 days Pocket veto occurs when bill goes to POTUS within 10 days of end of Congressional session and POTU does not act on it Line-Item veto happens when POTUS likes some measures but wants to veto others Entire bill gets sent back Signing statements Typically used with new laws Helps to direct manner in which new law is to be enforced Call special sessions of Congress State of the Union Address (SOTU) http://benschmidt.org/poli/2016-SOTU

Checks on the Judicial Branch Pardons—legal forgiveness of a crime Reprieves—postponement of the execution of a sentence Commutations—power to reduce a fine or the length of a sentence imposed by a court Amnesty—a blanket pardon offered to a group of law violators