Chapter 16 “Postwar America” 1945-1960

Ch. 16.1 Notes “The Eisenhower Era” Ch. 16.1 Warm-up Describe three of the most important political issues the United States faced after WWII.

A. The Election of 1952 Truman steps aside The “I like Ike” campaign Ike promises to end war Nixon the anti-communist Nixon’s “Checkers” speech

B. The Cold War Continues Ike visits Korea for peace talks 1953 – armistice signed John Foster Dulles The brinkmanship policy Massive retaliation 1947 – CIA formed USSR - Khrushchev takes over Warsaw Pact formed 1955 – The Geneva Summit 1960 – the U-2 incident

C. Cold War "Hot Spots" 1954 – the Vietnam conflict begins SEATO formed 1948 – creation of Israel Egypt and the Soviet Union The Suez Crisis 1957 – The Eisenhower Doctrine

Ch. 16.2 Notes “Atomic Anxiety” Ch. 16.2 Warm-up Describe three events that demonstrated the continuing of Cold War tensions into the Eisenhower administration.

A. The Hydrogen Bomb 1952 – First H-bomb tested by U.S. Many times more powerful than A –bomb Debate over development Put U.S. ahead of USSR in arms race 1953 – Soviets get H-bomb

B. The Arms Race Nations began stockpiling weapons Shift from conventional to nuclear weapons Bombs made to be delivered Air force funding increased ICBM’s are developed 1954 – first nuclear-powered sub Nuclear power plants built 1957 - Soviets launch first satellite called Sputnik NASA created to catch up to Soviets

C. Americans React to Nuclear Threat Fear of nuclear fallout Test in Marshall Islands FCDA created for defense and nuclear preparation “Duck and Cover” Women play a central role in preparing homes Operation Alert Bomb shelters built 1963 – Limited Test Ban Treaty 1961 – Eisenhower warns of the military-industrial complex

Ch. 16.3 Notes “The Television Age” Ch. 16.3 Warm-up Describe three ways in which Americans displayed “atomic anxiety” during the postwar years.

A. Television Changes American Life I Love Lucy - Lucille Ball – one of first successful TV shows 40’s/50’s – millions of TV’s sold TV began to be used in politics Advertising becomes major industry Programs included news, dramas, variety shows Content becomes a concern

B. Other Technological Developments 1940’s – first computers Transistors make computers more practical 1951 – UNIVAC – first computer Integrated circuit rapidly advances computer technology Jonas Salk developed the polio vaccine

C. Cultural Change in the 1950's 1950’s – U.S. in world’s leading economic power Levittown's created to house a booming population Employment/spending up People move to the Sunbelt Interstate Highway System improves transportation The art of rebellion – actors, beat poets, musicians