Environmental Science Do Now 10-3-17 Do Now: Take your Do Now sheet out, your notes on energy transfer and complete. 1) Explain the 10% rule. 2) Give one example of a primary consumer. 3) Give one example of a producer. 4) What type of organisms goes at the bottom of an energy pyramid? 5) If a field of grass receives 25,000 kilojoules of energy from the sun and a cow is eating the grass, how many kilojoules of energy will a person receive when the cow is slaughtered, made into your cheeseburger? copyright cmassengale

Environmental Science Do Now 10-3-17 KEY 1) The amount of energy at each trophic level decreases as it moves through an ecosystem. As little as 10 percent of the energy at any trophic level is transferred to the next level; the rest is lost largely through metabolic processes as heat. 2) One example of a primary consumer is a cow. 3) One example of a producer is an apple tree. 4) Producers are placed at the bottom of an energy pyramid. 5) Applying the 10% rule, if the grass absorbed 25000 kJ of energy from the sun, a cow can only absorb 10% of 25,000 kJ or 2,500 kJ of energy. Finally when the cow becomes your cheeseburger, you can only absorb 10% of 2,500 kJ or 250 kJ of energy. copyright cmassengale

Reminders of Important Dates 1st Quarter Progress report grades close on Wednesday, October 4, 2017. If you are failing a class, you have 1 more day to improve your grade before progress report grades are finalized! This Thursday, October 5, 2017 you will have an open-notes test on Evolution and Species Interactions. As I have already mentioned, you must have your own notes. Note-sharing will not be allowed!

copyright cmassengale Objective Students will know how energy from the sun is transferred throughout an ecosystem community by taking notes, performing a close reading and completing a worksheet and answering exit ticket questions. Mastery: 70 points or better on the article close read, 70% (23/33) or better on the Ecological Pyramid POGIL worksheet copyright cmassengale

Energy Transfer Vocabulary Words Ecosystem Primary producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer Quaternary consumer Autotroph Heterotroph Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Biomass Food chain Food web 10% rule Trophic level Trophic pyramid (energy pyramid) Photosynthesis Cellular respiration Decomposers copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Homework Ecological Pyramid POGIL copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Engage Students will watch a YouTube video called “Food Webs and Energy Pyramids: Bedrocks of Biodiversity” Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oVavgmveyY Thought Questions: 1) What type of organism starts a food chain? Where does it get its energy from? 2) What is the 10% rule? Where does the other 90% of the energy go? 3) What is biodiversity? copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Explore Students will read the article on Relationships between Organisms and will annotate the article. Each symbol is worth 2.5 points and each noteworthy comment is worth 5 points. The goal is for each student to have 70 points worth of annotations and comments from the article. copyright cmassengale

Sample of Good Annotations & Textual Comments copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Energy Transfer explain copyright cmassengale

Energy Flow Through an Ecosystem Food Chains, Food Webs, Energy Pyramids copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Begins with the SUN Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight & chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2 copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Photosynthesis Chemical reaction where green plants use water & carbon dioxide to store the sun’s energy in glucose ENERGY is stored in glucose Glucose is stored as starch in plants Copy copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Organisms that can make glucose during photosynthesis are called PRODUCERS. copyright cmassengale

Producers use most of the energy they make for themselves. copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Producers use cellular respiration to supply the energy they need to live. copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale 6O2 + C6H12O6 -->  6H2O + 6CO2 + energy Copy CELLULAR RESPIRATION is the chemical reaction that releases the energy in glucose. copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale The energy that is not used by producers can be passed on to organisms that cannot make their own energy. copyright cmassengale

Organisms that cannot make their own energy are called CONSUMERS. Copy Organisms that cannot make their own energy are called CONSUMERS. copyright cmassengale

Consumers that eat producers to get energy: Copy Consumers that eat producers to get energy: Are first order (1st) or primary consumers Are herbivores (plant-eaters) copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Most of the energy the primary consumer gets from the producer is used by the consumer. copyright cmassengale

Some of the energy moves into the atmosphere as heat. copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Some energy in the primary consumer is STORED & not lost to the atmosphere or used by the consumer itself. This energy is available for another consumer (predator). copyright cmassengale

A Consumer that Eats Another Consumer for Energy: Copy Is called a secondary or 2nd order consumer May be a carnivore or a omnivore May be a predator May be a scavenger copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Most of the energy the secondary consumer gets from the primary consumer is used by the secondary consumer. copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Some of the energy is lost as heat, but some energy is stored and can passed on to another consumer. copyright cmassengale

A consumer that eats a consumer that already ate a consumer: Copy Is called a 3rd order or tertiary consumer May be a carnivore or a omnivore May be a predator May be a scavenger copyright cmassengale

Consumers that eat producers & other consumers Copy Are called omnivores Omnivores eat plants and animals copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Consumers that hunt & kill other consumers are called predators. The animals that are hunted & killed are called prey. copyright cmassengale

Consumers that eat other dead consumers are called scavengers Copy Consumers that eat other dead consumers are called scavengers copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale The transfer of energy from the sun to producer to primary consumer then to higher order consumers can be shown in a FOOD CHAIN. copyright cmassengale

Food Chains Show Available Energy copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale More Food Chains copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Another way of showing the transfer of energy in an ecosystem is the ENERGY PYRAMID copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Energy Pyramids Show Amount of available energy decreases for higher consumers Amount of available energy decreases down the food chain It takes a large number of producers to support a small number of primary consumers It takes a large number of primary consumers to support a small number of secondary consumers Copy copyright cmassengale

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copyright cmassengale Food Webs: Copy Are interconnected food chains They show the feeding relationships in an ecosystem copyright cmassengale

How Many Chains are in this web? copyright cmassengale

Identify the Producers, Consumers, & Decomposers: Count the Food Chains! copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Questions??? copyright cmassengale

Food Chains, Food Webs & Energy Pyramids Finally, answer the following questions: Compare/contrasts food chains, food webs and energy pyramids. How is a food web more helpful than a written description of the same information? If the producer species in your food chains were removed from the community, how might the flow of energy be affected? If your quaternary consumers in your food chains were removed from the community, how might the populations in the lower levels be affected? Draw 5 food chains. Create a food web from your 5 food chains. Draw an energy pyramid based on your food web. copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Extend Ecological Pyramid POGIL SKILL MASTERY LEVELS: 90 – 100% (30-33 points): SKILLS EXCEPTIONALLY MASTERED 80 – 89% (26-29 points): SKILLS WELL MASTERED 70 – 79% (23-25 points): SKILLS ADEQUATELY MASTERED 60 – 69% (20-22 points): SKILLS BASICALLY MASTERED <60% (<20 points): SKILLS NOT MASTERED copyright cmassengale