American Romantic Period

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Presentation transcript:

American Romantic Period Also known as the American Renaissance

Expansion (Manifest Destiny…) 1820-1865 Expansion (Manifest Destiny…)

1800 - 1860 What’s going on in the world: 1803 – Louisiana Purchase 1810 – Mexico begins it’s war of independence from Spain 1812 – British attempt to take back America in the War of 1812 1815 – Napoleon defeated at Waterloo 1820-1821 – Missouri Compromise (free state/ slave state) 1830 – Underground railroad begins 1837 – Queen Victoria rules England 1845 – United States annexes Texas (leads to war with Mexico, 1846) 1849 – California gold rush 1854 – Republican party formed (opposed extension of slavery) 1859 – John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry

Louisiana Purchase From France 4 cents an acre (15 million dollars total) Doubled US Territory

The Gold Rush Helped to develop the West Led to the building of railroads California and Alaska were major rushes

Reaction to Rationalism and the age of reason Romanticism Reaction to Rationalism and the age of reason

Romanticism NOT about love Values feeling and intuition over reason Romantics believed that imagination could discover truths that the rational mind could not Nature is very important Those who dream by day are cognizant of many things which escape those who dream only by night. -Edgar Allan Poe

Characteristics of the American Romantic period Values feeling and intuition over reason Places faith in the power of the imagination Rejects the societal aspects of civilization and seeks unspoiled nature Prefers youthful innocence to educated sophistication.

Characteristics of the American Romantic period Celebrated individual freedoms and the worth of the individual, NOT society Sees nature’s beauty as a path to God and moral development Looks backward to the past and distrusts progress

Characteristics of the American Romantic period Finds meaning in the imaginary realm and the inner world of the supernatural Sees poetry as the highest expression of the imagination Finds inspiration from myths, legends, and folklore

What genres of literature? Gets its basis in imagination Has no use for facts, logic, and things that are actually possible Deals with emotion and feeling Novels, short stories, poems

Early Romantics William Cullen Bryant Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper Were inspired by the beauty of nature Emphasized emotions and imagination over reason Celebrated the individual spirit

Fireside Poets People liked to read their works by the fireside at night Emphasized moral themes in their work Were viewed as equals of British poets of the day Stressed individualism and an appreciation of nature Were committed to social reform Often considered the most popular poets ever Very un-Romantic in their style

Fiction The American Hero: Innocent and pure Sense of honor higher than society’s honor Has knowledge of people and life based on a deep understanding, not based on education Loves nature Quests for a higher truth

The Hero First American Hero – created by James Fennimore Cooper: Natty Bumppo (went by other names: Hawkeye,Deerslayer,Leatherstocking)

The Fireside Poets Henry Wadsworth Longfellow John Greenleaf Whittier Oliver Wendell Holmes James Russell Lowell

Subgroups: Extremists Romantics Transcendentalists Dark Romantics

The Dark Romantics Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, Herman Melville Believed what the Romantics did, but felt that at the core of everyone was a dark, sinister being Has a lot of crazy or guilt-racked people in their stories

Transcendentalists One must go beyond (transcend) the everyday human experience in order to determine the ultimate reality of God What is perceived by the senses is not necessarily true Believed in human perfectibility Ralph Waldo Emerson is best known

The Over-Soul (by the Transcendentalists) God Individual Nature

A Comparison… Romantics Dark Romantics Transcendentalists Individual is inherently good. Individual is inherently evil. Individual can achieve perfection. Nature should be respected/revered. Nature should be feared. We are connected to nature. God created nature. God has forsaken us to nature. God is within us. Society is hazardous to nature - progress destroys nature. Evil, evil, evil, groups of people!!!! Society restricts the individual. Let the tree grow! Fear the wrath of the tree! Become one with the tree!