11.5 Forces.

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Presentation transcript:

11.5 Forces

Gravity Gravity A force that acts downward toward the center of the earth. Falling Objects Gravity pulls down, air resistance pushes up Terminal Velocity A constant velocity when the gravitational force and the air resistance force is equal

Terminal Velocity

Aristotle, Galileo and Newton Aristotle (Greek philosopher) Started the study of force, much of his theories were wrong. Galileo (Italian Scientist) Concluded that gravity produces constant acceleration, He also concluded that moving objects that were not subjected to a force, would continue to move forever Newton (Scientist who studied in England)

Newton’s 1st Law Newton’s 1st Law of Motion Also know as the Law of Inertia An object in motion wants to stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted on by an outside force. Inertia The tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

Inertia – Bumper Cars

Inertia – Bicycles

Inertia – Bicycles

Newton’s 2nd Law Newton’s Second Law Also known as the Law of Acceleration The object Force is equal to its mass times the acceleration. Formula: Force = m x a F = force (Newton’s or N) m = mass (kg) a = acceleration (m/s2)

Newton’s 2nd Law The more mass, the greater the force is needed to accelerate an object The less mass, the smaller the force is needed to accelerate an object

Newton’s 3rd Law Newton’s Third Law Also known as the Law of Interaction Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object. For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.

Weight vs. Mass Weight The force of gravity acting on an object Weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity Weight = m (kg) x 9.8 m/s2 Mass is measured by the inertia of an object

Math Examples Example #1 A certain net force acting on a 5 kg mass produces an acceleration of 2 m/s2. Calculate the force. (Hint: Use Newton’s 2nd law of Motion)

Math Examples Example #2 What is the weight of a 50 kg girl if the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2? Example #3 What is the weight of the same girl if the acceleration due to gravity was 1.57 m/s2?