The industrial revolution Steam powered devices, coal, and iron industry

Steam, coal, and iron inventors

Thomas Newcomen Birth and death Famous for Used for Born Feb 28 1664, in Dartmouth England, died Aug 5 1729 in London England. Famous for creating the first invention that could harness steam to power something The invention was used to clear water out of flooded coal mines, because miners wouldn’t be able to go down them.

James watt Birth and death Famous for Used for Born Jan 19 1736 in Greenock Scotland Died Aug 25 1819 in Birmingham England Watt adapted Newcomen's steam invention to make it power machines The invention was used to power machines that were too large to fit inside of homes like Arkwright's water frame

Abraham Darby Birth and death Famous for Used for Born 1678 near Dudley England Died March 8 1717, Madeline Court England Darby created coke (Compressed coal which was hotter and more efficient than coal, and coke could melt iron) Coke was used to smelt down iron which was then turned into casting irons to make pots, pans and support for bridges.

Nicolas-joseph cugnot Birth and death Famous for Used for Born: Sept 25 1725 in Void France Died: Oct 2 1804 in Paris France Cugnot invented the first steam powered automobile which could be used instead of horse It was used for transporting guns because he was a French military Engineer.

Steam Power

Evolution of steam power Thomas Newcomen James watt Nicolas-Joseph cugnot Created 1712 Created the first steam powered device which was made to get rid of water from mines. Created 1765 Adapted Newcomen’s invention to use steam to power machines Created 1769 A French engineer who made the first steam powered car for transportation of weapons

Add what steam power was used for

Coal INDUSTRY Workers in mines would have coal carts chained to them and have to pull or push the carts for kilometres, without any light.

Evolution of coal All of these created lots of pollution charcoal coal Coke Wood burns off volatile compounds such as water, methane, hydrogen Mines Coal would be mined and then brought to factories to power machines. Coal is heated without air Creates a better power compared to coal.

Coal Mining Fundamental thing in Britain Large amounts of coal was needed to power all the new machines Children, and men would work in the mines Coal mining was a risky job When a coal sliver was found the miners would go in all directions around it Coal was a substitute for charcoal

Negatives effects of coal mines Early death caused by diseases, cave-ins, black lung, floods, methane gas Working long hard hours every day Very low pay Hundreds of feet underground Saw the sun about once a week at a time Children would get birth defects and stunted growth Explosions would happen constantly

Coke Abraham Darby I Coke: Used mostly for production of cast iron, pots and kettles Created thinner and cheaper iron products when compared to his opponents When coal is heated without air it creates coke Coke is cheaper than using charcoal and more could be packed into a furnace Would be create a hotter source of heat, smelting a larger amount of iron at a time

Iron Men are working in a factory pouring liquified iron into molds to create items.

Casting iron/iron uses

Process of smelting iron Iron factories were first near forests so that charcoal could be used Coal was tried in the smelting process but because of the sulphur, the iron created would be too brittle for using They would smelt or heat up the iron to melting point The iron was then put into iron pigs (Iron ingots) Then the iron could be reheated and used in molds or could be turned into bars

Sources https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Newcomen https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Watt https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abraham-Darby https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nicolas-Joseph-Cugnot https://translate.google.ca/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclope die/nicolas-joseph-cugnot/&prev=search https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-worldhistory/chapter/iron-making/ http://science.jrank.org/pages/3572/Industrial-Revolution-Iron-steel-manufacture.html http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/036.html