Whip Around Where do you see yourself in 5 years? Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Whip Around Where do you see yourself in 5 years? Be prepared to share aloud.

Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. 7 LISTENING

Our Agenda The Nature of Listening Ways of Listening Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Our Agenda The Nature of Listening Ways of Listening Common Barriers to Effective Listening Becoming a Better Listener

The Nature of Listening Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. The Nature of Listening Listening is the active process of making meaning out of another person’s spoken message Listening is active, not automatic Listening requires more than just hearing

Listening at its’ best (Family Guy) Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Listening at its’ best (Family Guy) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOLxQGLJou

Listening Defined Hearing Versus Listening Hearing Listening The process in which sound waves strike the eardrum and cause vibrations that are transmitted to the brain Listening Occurs when the brain reconstructs these electrochemical impulses into a representation of the original sound and gives them meaning https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aP55nA8fQ9I (Raymond 1) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VOubVB4CTU&list=PLpovft0nl_LCO3ZiezG2PiBcLdDCWiLmx (Raymond 2)

Listening Defined Mindless Listening Mindful Listening Occurs when we react to others’ messages automatically and routinely Mindful Listening Involves giving careful and thoughtful attention to the messages we receive

The Nature of Listening Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. The Nature of Listening People have various listening styles that represent differences in their goals for listening The people-oriented style emphasizes concern for other people’s emotions and interests The action-oriented style emphasizes organization and precision The content-oriented style emphasizes intellectual challenges The time-oriented style emphasizes efficiency

The Nature of Listening Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. The Nature of Listening Listening effectively is important We spend much of our waking day listening Good listening skills are essential in the workplace, families, and social relationships © Fancy Photography/Veer, RF

The Nature of Listening Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. The Nature of Listening Misconceptions about listening Myth: Hearing is the same as listening Myth: Listening is natural and effortless Myth: All listeners hear the same message © Andersen Ross/Digital Vision/Getty Images, RF

The Nature of Listening Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. The Nature of Listening Culture and sex affect some dimensions of listening behavior Expectations for directness Nonverbal listening response © Pauline St. Denis/Fancy/Photolibrary, RF

Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ways of Listening The HURIER model explains the stages of effective listening Hearing Understanding Remembering Interpreting Evaluating Responding

Hearing Hearing is the physiological dimension of listening Can be affected by auditory fatigue Loud party, concerts, large crowds Can be more difficult as a result of physiological problems

Understanding Occurs when we make sense of a message It is possible to hear and attend to a message without understanding it at all Listening Fidelity Describes the degree of congruence between what a listener understands and what the message sender is attempting to communicate

Remembering The ability to recall information Research suggests We remember 50% immediately after hearing it We remember 35% after eight hours We remember 25% after two months Residual message What we remember from the original message https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4VOubVB4CTU (Everyone Loves Raymond)

Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Interpreting

Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Evaluating

Elements in the Listening Process Responding Giving observable feedback to the speaker Good listeners show they are attentive by nonverbal behaviors Verbal behavior also demonstrates attention Communication is a transactional process

Ways of Listening People often engage in these types of listening: Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ways of Listening People often engage in these types of listening: Informational listening Critical listening Empathic listening

Ways of Listening Informational listening means listening to learn Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ways of Listening Informational listening means listening to learn We engage in informational listening when taking notes in class, watching the news, or paying attention to driving directions Informational listening is a relatively passive process

Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ways of Listening Critical listening means listening to evaluate or analyze something We engage in critical listening when we pay attention to a commercial to see whether we want to buy a product Critical listening doesn’t necessarily mean criticizing what we are hearing; rather, it means evaluating what we are hearing

Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ways of Listening Empathic listening means trying to understand what the speaker is thinking or feeling Perspective-taking helps us understand a situation from another’s point of view Empathic concern is the ability to identify how someone is feeling and to experience those feelings ourselves

Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ways of Listening Effective listening can occur online as well as face-to-face It is possible to find people online, such as in support groups, who can listen actively and empathically to what you have to say © Katarzyna Bialasiewicz/Getty Images, RF

Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Ways of Listening To be an effective listener online, take note of these suggestions: Be attentive to what others are saying Remember that words can be misinterpreted Don’t be a lurker

Telephone Do you remember this game as a child? Let’s form a circle. I will whisper a message in one person’s ear. We will go around sharing the message through the same medium and manner. Absolutely no talking aloud! The last person will say the message

Next Time Finish Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Quiz Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Next Time Finish Chapter 7 Chapter 7 Quiz

Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Whip Around How can listening skills help you in your current and/or future career? Think about this question. Be prepared to share aloud with the whole class.

Common Barriers to Effective Listening Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Common Barriers to Effective Listening Noise is a barrier to effective listening Noise is anything that distracts us from listening to what we wish to listen to Some noise is physical Some noise is psychological Digital Stock/Corbis, RF

Common Barriers to Effective Listening Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Common Barriers to Effective Listening Pseudolistening and selective attention are barriers to effective listening Pseudolistening means pretending to pay attention to someone Selective attention means listening only to what we want to hear

Common Barriers to Effective Listening Stage-Hogging Turn the conversation to themselves Sometimes called conversational narcissists https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TeOGJP5vGA (Big Bang Theory)

Common Barriers to Effective Listening Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Common Barriers to Effective Listening Information overload is a barrier to effective listening We are exposed to multiple messages daily It can be difficult to pay attention to particular messages when we have so many to process Information overload is especially common online

Common Barriers to Effective Listening Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Common Barriers to Effective Listening Glazing over is a barrier to effective listening People speak more slowly than we can listen, so our minds can wander when we listen to others Glazing over can cause us to miss important details, listen uncritically, and make it appear as though we are not listening

Common Barriers to Effective Listening Types of Ineffective Listening Selective Listening Only responds to the parts of your message that interest them Can be legitimate Insulated Listening Failing to acknowledge information the listener would rather not deal with

Common Barriers to Effective Listening Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Common Barriers to Effective Listening A rebuttal tendency is a barrier to effective listening Rebuttal tendency means debating a speaker’s point and formulating a reply while the person is still speaking A rebuttal tendency requires mental energy that should be spent listening and can cause us to miss details

Common Barriers to Effective Listening Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Common Barriers to Effective Listening Closed-mindedness is a barrier to effective listening Closed-mindedness is the tendency not to listen to anything with which you disagree Many people are closed-minded only about certain issues, not about everything

Common Barriers to Effective Listening Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Common Barriers to Effective Listening Competitive interrupting is a barrier to effective listening Competitive interrupting means using interruptions to take control of a conversation Most interruptions are not competitive

The Challenge of Listening Why We Don’t Listen Better Message Overload Preoccupation Rapid Thought We can comprehend up to 600 words per minute The average person speaks between 100 – 150 Effort Listening is hard work

The Challenge of Listening Why We Don’t Listen Better External Noise Faulty Assumptions We often believe we are listening when we’re not Lack of Apparent Advantages It often seems that there is more to gain by speaking Listening is reciprocal, so you get what you give

The Challenge of Listening Why We Don’t Listen Better Lack of Training Listening is hard work and requires practice The common belief is that listening is like breathing Hearing problems Sometimes a person suffers from a physiological hearing problem

Becoming a Better Listener Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Becoming a Better Listener Becoming a better informational listener Separate what is and is not said Avoid the confirmation bias Listen for substance more than style

Becoming a Better Listener Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Becoming a Better Listener Becoming a better critical listener Be a skeptic Evaluate a speaker’s credibility Understand probability

Becoming a Better Listener Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Becoming a Better Listener Becoming a better empathic listener Listen nonjudgmentally Acknowledge feelings Communicate support nonverbally © Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/Blend Images/Getty Images, RF

Types of Listening Responses Prompting Using silences and brief statements of encouragement to draw others out Questioning Asking for information can help both parties Questions can also be a tool for the one who answers

Types of Listening Responses Sincere Questions Aimed at understanding others https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TP8RB7UZHKI Counterfeit Questions Questions that trap a speaker Tag question Questions that make statements Questions that carry hidden agendas Questions that seek “correct” answers Questions based on assumptions

Types of Listening Responses Paraphrasing Statements that reword the listener's interpretation of a message Two levels at which you can paraphrase messages Factual information Personal information Can be tool for helping others Shows your involvement and concern

Types of Listening Responses Paraphrasing You can make your paraphrasing sound more natural by taking any of these approaches: Change the speaker’s wording Offer an example of what you think the speaker is talking about Reflect the underlying theme of the speaker’s remarks

Types of Listening Responses Paraphrasing Won’t always be accurate Gives the other person a chance to make a correction Factors to consider before you decide to paraphrase: Is the issue complex enough? Do you have the necessary time and concern? Can you withhold judgment? Is your paraphrasing in proportion to other responses? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWlmLWFwXDg

Types of Listening Responses Supporting Reveals a listener’s solidarity with the speaker’s situation Several types of support: Empathizing Agreement Offers to help Praise Reassurance

Types of Listening Responses Supporting Cold comfort Deny others the right to their feelings Minimize the significance of the situation Focus on “then and there” rather than “here and now” Cast judgment Focus on yourself Defend yourself

Types of Listening Responses Supporting Guidelines for effective support: Recognize that you can support another person’s struggles without approving of her or his decisions Monitor the other person’s reaction to your support Realize that support may not always be welcome Make sure you’re ready for the consequences https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvByMa8FWA8 (The Office)

Types of Listening Responses Analyzing Offering an interpretation of the speaker’s message Several guidelines to follow: Offer your interpretation as tentative rather than absolute fact Be sure that the other person will be receptive to your analysis Be sure the motive for offering an analysis is to truly help the other person

Types of Listening Responses Advising Offering help or potential solutions Several guidelines to follow: Is advice needed? Is advice wanted? Is the advice given in the right sequence? Is the advice coming from an expert? Is the advisor a close and trusted person? Is the advice offered in a sensitive, face-saving manner? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYsCFn9F5GY (parks and rec)

Types of Listening Responses Judging Responses that evaluate the sender’s thoughts or behaviors in some way Judgments have the best chance of being received when two conditions exist The person with the problem should have requested an evaluation from you The intent of your judgment should be genuinely constructive and not designed as a put-down

Types of Listening Responses Choosing the Best Listening Response Gender Women are more likely to give supportive responses when presented with another's problem and are likely to seek out similar responses Men are less skillful at providing emotional support and are more likely to respond by offering advice or by diverting the topic

Types of Listening Responses Choosing the Best Listening Response The situation People are not always looking for advice Sometimes it is better to just listen The other person Always remember to whom you are speaking and adapt to the audience Your personal style Play to your strengths Be aware of your weaknesses

Think-Pair-Share Get with a partner and discuss these questions: Is it a good idea to go “topless?” Why or why not? How can having electronic devices help listening? How can having electronic devices hinder listening? Should ALL electronic devices be aloud in college courses? Why or why not?