Nutrition for Performance The saying, “you are what you eat” might be tailored to an athlete as, “you compete how you eat!” Research shows that what an athlete eats and drinks has an effect on exercise performance. So whether you’re playing amateur soccer or running a marathon, your performance depends not only on your training methods, but also on eating the right foods.

What is Nutrition? In groups or with the person next to you see if you can come up with a definition for “Nutrition”…. Nutrition: The science or study of how the body uses and assimilates food in order to grow, repair and replace tissues.

What is a Nutrient? Components of food that are essential for proper human growth and function. There are six important classes of nutrients….can you name them? Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins, and Water

Nutrients cont… Which classes of nutrients are energy yielding? CHO Fats Protein

Food Categories What are Macronutrients? What are Micronutrients? -Nutrients that are required in large amounts (CHO, Fats, Protein) What are Micronutrients? -Nutrients that are needed in small amounts. (vitamins and minerals)

Protein, Carbs and Fats 10-15% diet protein 50-60% diet carbohydrates 20-30% diet fats 4 calories in 1 gram of protein and carbohydrate 9 calories in 1 gram of fat

Protein Average person needs 0.7g-0.8g/Kg protein Athletes need more = 1.2g/Kg-1.7g/Kg 2 types of protein: complete and incomplete

Protein Athletes require more protein than non-athletes Should be tailored to training As high as 18% from protein Strength athletes 1.7 per kg Endurance 1.2 to 1.4 g per kg Average diet provides 1.4 gm/kg/day Adequate calorie intake is just as important as adequate protein intake for building muscles Too much protein intake can be bad -is stored as fat -lead to dehydration and kidney problems

Carbohydrates (plants) Two types: Simple and Complex Body prefers Complex as they do not stress the system as much as simple CHO’s

Glycemic Index Glycemic index : The reference value of the glycemic-index chart is Glucose (GI = 100) High GI foods are generally worse and have a glycemic index number of 70 or more. Low GI foods have a glycemic index of less than 55 ( these are generally better). Medium GI foods are in between.

Why Complex Carbohydrates? Compared to ingesting simple carbohydrates, ingesting complex carbohydrates: -improves glycogen stores -Promotes faster stomach emptying -Leads to lower blood sugar and insulin levels and thus places less stress on the pancreas.

Glycemic Index Glycemic Index of Grains: Buckwheat 54 Bulgur 48 Basmati Rice 58 Brown Rice 55 Long grain White Rice 56 Short grain White Rice 72 Uncle Ben's Converted 44 Noodles (instant) 46 Taco Shells 68 Glycemic Index of Fruit: Apple 38 Banana 55 Cantaloupe 65 Cherries 22 Grapefruit 25 Grapes 46 Kiwi 52

Glycemic Index cont… Continuation of Fruit: Mango 55 Orange 44 Pear 38 Pineapple 66 Plum 39 Watermelon 76 Glycemic Index of Vegetables: Beets 69 Broccoli 10 Cabbage 10 Carrots 49 Corn 55 Green Peas 48 Lettuce 10 Mushrooms 10 Onions 10 Parsnips 97 Potato (baked) 93 Potato (mashed, instant) 86 Potato (new) 62 Potato (french fries) 75 Red Peppers 10 Pumpkin 75 Sweet Potato 54

FATS: GOOD VS. BAD Saturated come from animal products, Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated come from plant sources, 25-30% of diet should be fat, which helps in energy supply, proper brain and nerve function as well as insulation and protection

Fats Major source of energy 25 to 30% of total calories should come from fat Cholesterol intake should be less than 300 mg/day. Liver produces this when you consume a lot of fats and or are stressed 9 injury, sick or other) HDL vs. LDL , good vs. bad Average Canadian diet provides 37% of total calories from fat…this is too high!

Physiology of obesity What happens when you eat too much? Immediate determinants of body fat are the size and number of fat cells A typical adult has 30- 40 billion miniature fuel tanks. These can vary from being relatively empty like a deflated balloon to overly full In an obese person fat cells may swell to 2-3 times their normal size

Fat Cells Once the fat cells grow they can be triggered to divide or they can trigger other immature fat cells to divide Once the number of fat cells increase due to genetics, childhood eating patterns or adult overeating, it never decreases. Fat cells may shrink but they never disappear.

Fat cells Once we become fat the body requires less food to maintain it then it did to attain it. Compared to other tissue, fat cells have a lower metabolic rate. The body resets itself at a new set point based on the new proportion of tissue. If the caloric intake remains the same the fat cells will continue to grow. If the caloric intake decreases, then the body shifts to a state of starvation and the metabolic rate goes down.

The Fast Food Activity We are a varsity Dodgeball team which has qualified for the AAAA provincial championship! While on the road we have to eat 4 meals but we can only eat from the following places (we all eat at the Keg for dinner after winning the tournament and the school foots the bill!): Eg Subway, Tim Hortons, McDonalds, Pizza Hut, The Keg

Energy Equation Energy storage = Energy intake + Energy output Def of a calorie? Energy Amount of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 gram of pure water by 1oC. We use this term to identify the amount of energy in food. 1 Calorie=kcal or 1000 calories 1 calorie = 4.184 joules (SI unit) A measure of metabolising food through body

Harris Benedict Equation Used to determine an individuals Resting Metabolic rate. We use Height in cm, Weight in Kg, and age in years Males: 66.5 +(5 x H) + (13.7 x W) – (6.8 x A) Females: 665 + (1.9 x H) + (9.5 x W) – (4.7 x A)

Daily Caloric Need Consists of your RMR+ Calories for activity+ thermalitic effect of food Too little = too skinny Too much = too fat

D.C.N. cont… Sedentary individuals multiply R.M.R. by 1.4 Moderately active …by…1.6 Highly Active individuals multiply R.M.R by 1.8

Cont… Athletic groups such as football players and strength athletes appear to obtain adequate nutrition, while inadequate intakes have been reported in other athletic groups, including dancers, basketball players, gymnast, runners, skiers, swimmers, triathletes and wrestlers

The Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals Vitamins and Minerals don’t give the body energy; Vitamins that are water soluble are needed everyday (C’s and B’s); fat-soluble (A,D, E, K) are needed but be weary Calcium, sodium, potassium, Iron and Zinc