Variations in Sexual Behavior Chapter 14 Variations in Sexual Behavior © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part.

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Understanding Sexual Behavior Sexual activity of males 18 - 30 and females between 18-22 2006 82% of men and 76% of women believed satisfactory sex is essential to maintain a relationship Copyright © 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

When Is Sexual Behavior Abnormal? Statistical definition a sexual behavior that is rare or not practiced by many people Sociological approach sexual behavior that violates the norms of the society Psychological approach criteria include discomfort, inefficiency, and bizarreness © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-5

When Is Sexual Behavior Abnormal? Medical approach the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders recognizes 8 paraphilias Paraphilia a recurring, unconventional sexual behavior that is obsessive and compulsive © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-6

Paraphilias and the facts… People usually have more than one There is no cookie-cutter profile They are described as well-adjusted, successful, and above the norm on assessments of mental health Men with transvestic fetishism are happy with their biological sex Erotica asphyxiation occurs at the same rate Copyright © 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

When Is Sexual Behavior Abnormal? The Normal—Abnormal Continuum Normal and abnormal sexual behavior are not two separate categories, but rather gradations on a continuum A mild, or even a strong preference for an object is within the normal range of sexual behavior, but is abnormal if it becomes an extreme necessity © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-8

© 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-9

Fetishes Sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving use of nonliving objects to produce or enhance a sexual arousal with or in the absence of a partner over a period of at least six months causing significant distress © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-10

Fetishes Two types of fetishes media fetish – the material out of which an object is made, is the source of arousal hard media fetish – a hard substance such as leather or rubber soft media fetish – a soft substance such as silk or fur form fetish – the object and its shape are what’s important for an arousal © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-11

Copyright 2008 © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Food Fetish???? Copyright 2008 © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-12

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Fetishes Why Do People Become Fetishists? Learning theory fetishes result from classical conditioning in which a learned association is built between the fetish object and sexual arousal and orgasm Cognitive theory fetishists have a serious cognitive distortion in that they perceive a nonconventional stimulus as erotic Addiction theory a pathological relationship, with a sexual event or process, substituting it for a healthy relationship with others © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-14

Compulsive Sexual Behavior A disorder in which the individual experiences intense, sexually arousing fantasies, urges, and associated sexual behaviors intrusive, driven, and repetitive lacking in impulse control often incur social and legal sanctions interfere with personal and occupational functioning create health risks © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-15

Transvestism Dressing as a member of the other gender Drag queens male homosexuals that dress up as women Female impersonators men who dress as women, often as part of an entertainment job © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-16

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Transvestism Transvestite fetishism a heterosexual man who dresses in female clothing to produce or enhance sexual arousal Transvestism is almost exclusively a male sexual variation and is essentially unknown among women © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-18

Sadism and Masochism Sexual Sadist Sexual Masochist a person who derives sexual satisfaction from inflicting pain on another person Sexual Masochist a person who derives sexual satisfaction from experiencing pain © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-19

Sadism and Masochism Two Styles of Interaction Bondage and discipline use of physical or psychological restraints to enforce servitude Dominance and submission (D—S) the use of power consensually given to control the sexual stimulation and behavior of the other person © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-20

Sadism and Masochism Sadomasochistic Behavior Sadomasochism (S—M) a rare form of sexual behavior its milder forms is probably more common than people think causes are not precisely known sadistic or masochistic fantasies appear to be more common than real—life sadomasochistic behavior © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-21

Sadism and Masochism Bondage & Discipline Sexual bondage The use in sexual behavior of restraining devices that have sexual significance Most men & women prefer the passive role Dominance & Submission (D—S) Key to S—M is not pain, but dominance & submission It is a carefully controlled performance with a script It is the illusion of control, not actual control, that is central to D—S activity © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-22

Voyeurism & Exhibitionism a person who becomes sexually aroused from secretly viewing nudes Scoptophilia a sexual variation in which the person becomes sexually aroused by observing others’ sexual acts and genitals © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-23

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Voyeurism & Exhibitionism The person derives sexual pleasure from exposing his genitals to others in situations where this is clearly inappropriate A man who exposes himself is considered offensive, but a woman who reveals most of her breast is likely to be thought of as attractive Causes of exhibitionism are not known © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-26

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Hypersexuality & Asexuality An excessive, insatiable sex drive in either men or women leads to compulsive behavior; sexuality overshadows all other concerns and interests Nymphomania hyper—sexuality in women Satyriasis hyper—sexuality in men © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-28

Cybersex Use & Abuse Characterized by: Online Sexual Activity (OSA) Anonymity Accessibility Affordability Online Sexual Activity (OSA) Cybersex – 2 or more persons engaging in sexual talk for the purpose of sexual pleasure © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-29

Cybersex Use & Abuse Online Sexual Activity (OSA) (cont’d) Cybersex compulsives (2000) 1% of cybersex users Attained highest scores on compulsivity More likely to be male More likely to be single & dating More likely to report being bisexual Reported spending 15—25 hrs/week in online sexual pursuits 21% reported online activities jeopardized at least one area of their life; most common being personal relationships © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-30

Hypersexuality & Asexuality Defined as a lack of sexual attraction to a person of either sex Different from not engaging in sexual behavior Asexuals are also different from celibates May be a disorder rather than a paraphilia (2006) © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-31

Other Sexual Variations Asphyxiophilia Also known as hypoxyphilia the desire to induce in oneself a state of oxygen deficiency in order to create sexual arousal or to enhance excitement and orgasm People engage in asphyxiophilia in the belief that arousal and orgasm are intensified by reduced oxygen © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-32

Sexual Arousal toward Children and Nonconsenting Individuals Exhibitionism (exposure of one’s genitals to unsuspecting viewers) Frotteurism (rubbing against a nonconsenting person) Sexual Arousal toward Children and Nonconsenting Individuals Pedophilia (sexual urges, fantasies, or actual behavior directed toward a prepubescent child) Voyeurism (seeing an unsuspecting person naked, undressing, or engaging in sexual activity) Copyright © 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Pedophilia: The Perpetrators and the victims Table 8.3 Men’s Pedophilic Acts with Boys and Girls Copyright © 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright (c) Pearson Education 2010 8/27/2018

Other Sexual Variations Zoophilia (bestiality) sexual contact with an animal Frotteurism (DSM—IV—TR) sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving touching or rubbing one’s genitals against the body of a non—consenting person Troilism (or triolism) refers to a sexual encounter in which one partner watches the other partner engage in sex with a 3rd party © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-36

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Other Sexual Variations (cont’d) Saliromania found mainly in men desire to damage or soil a woman or her clothes Coprophilia feces are important to sexual satisfaction Urophilia urine is important to sexual satisfaction © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-40

Other Sexual Variations (cont’d) Necrophilia sexual contact with a dead person Sexsomnia (sleep sex) Automatic, unintentional sexual behaviors during sleep Considered a sleep disorder, rather than a paraphilia © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-41

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Prevention of Sexual Variations Difficult to do primary prevention Categories for diagnosis not nearly as clear cut as they may seem Multiple diagnoses for one person are not uncommon Analyze the components of sexual development gender identity sexual responsiveness formation of relationships with others Disturbance in 1 or more of these components might lead to different sexual variations Interest in developing preventive programs targeting children has increased © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-44

Treatment of Sexual Variations Medical Treatments Hormonal treatment Use of drugs to reduce androgen production or block effects of androgen Psychopharmacological treatment Use of psychotropic medications to influence psychological functioning and behavior © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-45

Treatment of Sexual Variations Cognitive—Behavioral Therapies Behavior therapy Social skills training Modification of distorted thinking Relapse prevention © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-46

Treatment of Sexual Variations Cognitive—Behavioral Therapies (cont’d) Multisystemic Therapy (MST) targets young sex offenders combination of family therapy, skills training, and cognitive—behavioral training addresses youth and caregiver denial of offense minimizing access to potential victims appropriate/normative social experience with peers youth in MST showed significant reductions in problematic behaviors © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-47

Treatment of Sexual Variations Skills Training Programs may include how to carry on a conversation how to develop intimacy basic sex education Sex surrogates interact socially and sexually with the client and a therapist © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-48

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Treatment of Sexual Variations 12—Step Programs Modeled on the program of Alcoholics Anonymous More common treatment in recent years © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-50

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SLAA Meetings in Manhattan  Day Time Name Location             Notes/Contact for Info  Sun  3:00 - 4:30 pm  Women’s Mtg  St. Francis Education  Center, 139 W. 31 St.,  2FL, Room # 5  Sun  4:00 -  5:30 pm  Men’s  Qualification  Our Lady of Ascension  Church, 221 W. 107 St  Bway &  Amstrdm;  under church  rectory.  Staircase to 1st  dr on Right.    Mon  5:30-6:30 pm  Mens SLAA Mtg  St. Margarets House, 49  Fulton Street, NY 10038  Ground Fl, 1st  Rm on left.   Mon  6:00  - 7:30 pm  Sexual &  Emotional  Anorexics  St. Francis Education  Center, 139 W. 31 St.,  3FL, Room #5  For meeting  info, Jeff:  347- 723-6283  Mon  7:45 -  9:15 pm  Women’s Step  Writing  Workshop  Realization Center, 19  Union Square West, 7th  Floor.   See receptionist for  room number.  Pls do not  arrive early.  Tue  6:00  - 7:30 pm  Withdrawal  St. Francis Education  Center, 139 W. 31 St.,  3FL, Room #5.  Contact: Matt:  617-872-4375  Tues  7:00 - 8:00 pm  Womens Mtg  273 Bowery St, at  University Settlement,  Houston St Center, NYC Contact: Jane 917 838-0310  Wed  6:00 -  7:30 pm  Men’s Meeting  Our Lady of Ascension  Church, 221 W. 107 St.   In basement.  Morris:  732-  236 0033  Wed  6:30 -  7:45 pm   Westside  Women’s  Meeting   Universalist Church,   160 Central Park West.   Enter on W. 76  St. Room B4  Thu  7:15-8:45 pm  Sexual Anorexia  Recovery Gay &  Lesbian Mtg  St. Francis Education  Center, 139 W. 31 St.,   1FL, Room #2.   Edward: 917-  651-6320   Thu  7:15-8:45 pm  Developing  Healthy  Relationships  Soldiers, Sailors,  Airmen’s Club, 283  Lexington Ave., @  37  St., Room #3  All are  welcome, those  in and out of  relationships.  Matt:  617- 872-4375   Fri  4:30-6:00 pm  Becoming  Unaddicted to a  Person  St. Francis Education  Center, 139 W. 31 St.,  3rd fl, Room #5   Fri  6:15-7:45 pm  Sexual and  Emotional  Anorexics  St. Francis Education  Center, 139 W. 31 St.,  3FL, Room #5.   For meeting  info, Jeff:  347-  723-6283  Sat  4:00-5:30 pm  Women’s  Conscious  Contact Meeting  St. Francis Education  Center, 139 W. 31 St.,   1FL, Room #3.   Sat  6:00-7:30 pm  Beginners  Meeting (OPEN)  St. Francis Education  Center, 139 W. 31 St.,   1FL, Room #2.  Sat  11:00-1:00 pm  Sexual &  Relationship  Avoidance Mtg;    Step Study Mtg  St. Francis Education  Center, 139 W. 31 St.,   1FL, Room #5.  Edward: 917-  651-6320    Copyright 2008 © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 1-52

Treatment of Sexual Variations What Works? Some programs more effective than others Use of hormonal medications showed largest effect Program effectiveness varied by type of offenders Programs only effective when participation was voluntary © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or in part. 14-53