Header Pg 44 Warm-Up: Finish coloring the families on your PT. I can use the PT to explain electronegativity and ionization energy. Warm-Up: Finish coloring the families on your PT.

Giant PT Notes- Create a chart Left side Staircase Right Side

Properties of the elements Use a highlighter to draw the stair step line Answer these questions in your chart: What are the properties of the elements on the left of the stair step line? What type of elements are on the left of the stair step line? What are the properties of the elements on the stair step line? What type of elements are on the stair step line? What are the properties of the elements right of the stair step line? What type of elements are right of the stair step line?

Chart on page Right of PT Metals Metalloids Nonmetals

Periodic Trends A series of patters on the periodic table that discuss physical and chemical traits of families. Each trend is summarized with 2 arrows describing the family and period trend.

Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff ) Net positive charge experienced by an electron in an atom Shielding- lower level electrons block the pull of the nucleus and repel outer shell electrons INC to the right across a period and up a family

Atomic Radius (Size) Atomic radius is simply the radius of the atom. Atomic radius is one-half the distance between the two nuclei of two identical atoms. an indication of the atom's volume

Trends in Atomic Size Period - atomic radius increases as you go from right to left across a period Family - atomic radius increases as you go down a family Why? Stronger attractive forces in atoms (as you go from left to right) between the opposite charges in the nucleus and electron cloud cause the atom to be 'sucked' together a little tighter.

Trends in Atomic Size Francium is the biggest atom on the PT. Let’s call him “Big Daddy” Helium is the smallest atom on the PT. Let’s call her “Lil Baby” Why? Stronger attractive forces in atoms (as you go from left to right) between the opposite charges in the nucleus and electron cloud cause the atom to be 'sucked' together a little tighter.

Ionic Radius (Size of Ion) Ionic radius is radius of an atom’s ion. Cations (__________ions) are smaller than their parent atoms. Anions (__________ ions) are larger than their parent atoms. an indication of the atom's volume

Atomic Radius vs. Ionic Radius Grey = atomic radius, pink = cation, blue = anion

Electronegativity Electronegativity is an atom's desire to grab another atom's electrons.

Electronegativity Trends Period - electronegativity increases as you go from left to right across a period. Family – electronegativity increases as you go up a group. Why? Elements on the left of the period table have 1 -2 valence electrons and would rather give those few valence electrons away (to achieve the octet in a lower energy level) than grab another atom's electrons. As a result, they have low electronegativity. Elements on the right side of the period table only need a few electrons to complete the octet, so they have strong desire to grab another atom's electrons.

Electronegativity Trends Fluorine wants an electron more than any other atom. (Highest electronegativity on PT) Francium wants an electron the least of any atom. (Lowest electronegativity on the PT) Why? Elements on the left of the period table have 1 -2 valence electrons and would rather give those few valence electrons away (to achieve the octet in a lower energy level) than grab another atom's electrons. As a result, they have low electronegativity. Elements on the right side of the period table only need a few electrons to complete the octet, so they have strong desire to grab another atom's electrons.

Ionization Energy Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove the outermost electron/s to form a cation.

Ionization Energy Trends Period – ionization energy increases as you go from left to right across a period. Family – ionization energy increase as you go up a group.

Ionization Energy Trends Helium wants to keep its electrons more than any other atom. (Highest ionization energy) Francium wants to give away its electrons more any other atom. (Lowest ionization energy) Why? Elements on the left of the period table have 1 -2 valence electrons and would rather give those few valence electrons away (to achieve the octet in a lower energy level) than grab another atom's electrons. As a result, they have low electronegativity. Elements on the right side of the period table only need a few electrons to complete the octet, so they have strong desire to grab another atom's electrons.

Partner Discussion 1) Arrange these elements in increasing order of electronegativity: Sodium Phosphorous Rubidium 2) What other trend would put them in the same order? Atomic radius Ionization Energy Ionic Radius

Recap Atomic Radius increase ____a family & _____ a period. Metals are found on the _____ side of the PT. Nonmetals are found on the ____ side of the PT. The ______ family separates metals & nonmetals. The most reactive family is _______. The most stable family is ________.

Trend WARS Whoever’s last name starts closest to the letter O grabs the basket and writes first. Read the rules on the Instruction card. Each group will only fill out 1 team worksheet. You win when you get all the cards. IF you win will you get bonus points, but you must get ALL the cards.

Castle Mendeleev You and a partner of your choosing (chose wisely) will work together to solve the problem. Each person should fill out a sheet. The blue sheets are CLASS SETS. DO NOT walk out with them. They are posted online for you. Turn into the box before you leave.