Centered around the Nile River Valley.

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Presentation transcript:

Centered around the Nile River Valley. The Nile floods at the same time every year. During flooding, fertilizing silt is deposited in the soil & forms the Nile River’s Delta. The floods are predictable, which was associated with their Gods.

Cataracts of the Nile divide the River & create rapids. The first cataract marked the southern border of Upper Egypt. The Nile flows north thus Lower Egypt is to the North. Egypt is protected by deserts to the east & west.

Old Kingdom 2700 – 2200 B.C. Middle Kingdom 2050 – 1800 B.C. New Kingdom 1550 – 1100 B.C.

Also called the “Pyramid Age.” Ruling pharaohs built tombs that would last for eternity. Building usually started when they took the throne.

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Probably based on Sumerian script. Pictographic & alphabetic elements.

Upper & Lower Egypt became united. Pharaohs have strong central authority & absolute power. A vizier was the chief minister who supervised day-to-day government.

Power struggles between local monarchs. Food shortages due to crop failures & drought. High cost of the pyramids.

Pharaohs restore prosperity & stability. Trade with Nubians to the south increases. The cultures of the two peoples began to mix. Eventually the Egyptian army occupies Nubia.

Cult of Osiris grows and allows more people to enter the afterlife. More arable land due to drainage projects.

Invaded by the Hyksos from Western Asia Hyksos adopt Egyptian customs & beliefs.

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Large empire reaches to the Euphrates River. More contact with other civilizations. First known peace treaty signed with the Hittites.

New leaders drive out Hyksos & result in stronger pharaohs: Tutankhamen Nefertiti

Hatshepsut – female pharaoh who encouraged trade. Akhenaton/ Amonhotep IV- the first monotheist and husband of Nefertiti. King Tut - famous tomb. Ramses II – Very powerful & ruled for 67 years, defeated the Hittites.

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut

Abu Simbel Temple of Ramses II

Typical housing during the New Kingdom in Egypt.

Power declines after Ramses II. A succession of invaders conquer Egypt (Sea People, Hyksos, Persians, & Greeks). © Students of History - http://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Students-Of-History

Why did Egypt develop along the Nile River Valley and how did the river affect Egypt’s civilization?