Ambulatory CDI on a Poor Man’s Budget Rita Fields, BSN, RN, CCDS Lori Ganote, MSN, RN, CCDS

How Did It All Begin? Resource Council Meeting Recognition of need Goal was to establish outpatient CDI Move from financial CDI program to quality-based CDI program Recognition of need Attending meetings related to ambulatory CDI Collaboration with insurance company Risk adjustment audits HCC concept discussed at local meeting ACDIS conference kept hearing outpatient CDI HCCs, VBP, risk adjustment became familiar terms

Outpatient CDI vs Ambulatory CDI Executive director separates the two Ambulatory CDI: physician practice side Outpatient CDI: hospital side Decision made to begin with ambulatory CDI Audits showed some physician practices had low RAF scores Documentation was not capturing HCCs Chronic conditions requiring yearly documentation How could inpatient CDI help?

HCCs: Why Do They Matter? Hierarchical Condition Categories (HCC) Risk adjustment methodologies: Insurance companies receive reimbursement for the illness burden of a particular patient Some health plans in turn share this increased revenue with providers Using just CMS-HCCs should capture at least 90% of the risk adjustment for inpatient and outpatient programs Used to determine reimbursement for various Medicare plans Addresses predominately elderly population (65 and over) Captured by claims submitted inpatient and outpatient

HCC Impact Risk Adjustment Factor (RAF) scores to predict future healthcare costs for plan enrollees Adjust payment based on the health status and demographic characteristics of the enrollee Chronic conditions Age Gender Institutionalization status Medicaid status Current reason for Medicare eligibility CMS pays participating health plans a monthly capitation payment based on CMS-HCCs

Comparison Heart Failure and Diabetes Enrollee, 65 years old, male no disability = 0.295 Factor 1: Chronic diastolic HF, HCC 85 = .0317 Factor 2: AKI with tubular necrosis, HCC 135 = 0.415 Factor 3: Disease interaction HCC 85 and renal = 0.266 Risk score =0.295 + 0.317 + 0.415 + 0.266 Total risk score: 1.293 Enrollee, 66 years old, male, no disability = 0.295 Factor 1: Diabetes without complications, HCC 19 =0.102 Factor 2: Heart failure, NOS, HCC 85 = 0.317 Factor 2: Alcoholic cardiomyopathy, HCC 85 Factor 3: Disease interaction DM*CHF = 0.151 Risk score = 0.295 + 0.102+ 0.317 + 0.151 Total risk score: 0.865

CMS P4P Measures Risk Adjustment with HCCs Program # of Risk-Adjusted Measures Incentive/Penalty Value-Based Purchasing 6 of 21 +2% to -2% Readmission Reduction 7 of 7 Up to -3% HAC Reduction 1 of 7 -1% Value Modifier ~50% +32 to -2% Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) Very Few +4% to -4%

Development of Process Education Management team Auditor/educators CDI staff Coding staff (task force meeting) Physicians advisors Operating with limited budget Staff Software for outpatient

Education On HCC Impact 8 hospital system 350-400 employed physician practices Specialty groups Hospitalist Cardiology Peer-to-peer education Ancillary departments Wound care nurses Dieticians

C Condition Categories CC 42% HCC MCC 16%

TOP 5 BMI <19 or >40 and corresponding diagnosis CHF, acuity and specificity Malnutrition Diabetes associated complication or chronic condition(s) Primary and secondary cancers

TOP 5 We recognize the following: Most commonly known as “chronic” conditions 42% of HCC’s are also CC’s 16% of HCC’s are MCC’s These conditions also affect SOI/ROM for the in-patient encounter Affect the RAF scores for the calendar year Help provide an accurate description of patient care and utilization of resources Affect Quality programs MOST IMPORTANTLY…WE ALREADY DO IT!

HCCs Familiar to Cardiology Description HCC 17 Diabetes with Acute Complications HCC 18 Diabetes with Chronic Complication HCC 19 Diabetes without Complication HCC 83 Respiratory Arrest HCC 84 Cardio-Respiratory Failure and Shock HCC 85 Congestive Heart Failure HCC 86 Acute Myocardial Infarction HCC 87 Unstable Angina and Other Acute Ischemic Heart Disease HCC 88 Angina Pectoris

Specified Heart Arrhythmias HCC 100 Ischemic or Unspecified Stroke HCCs Familiar to Cardiology HCC # Description HCC 96 Specified Heart Arrhythmias HCC 100 Ischemic or Unspecified Stroke HCC 106 Atherosclerosis of the Extremities with Ulceration or Gangrene HCC 107 Vascular Disease with Complication HCC 108 Vascular Disease HCC 111 COPD HCC 135 Acute Renal Failure HCC 136 Chronic Kidney Disease (Stage 5) HCC 137 Chronic Kidney Disease, Severe (Stage 4)

Hospitalist HCC Tip Card

Commonly Missed Chronic Conditions Amputations Respiratory failure Rheumatoid Arthritis Atherosclerosis or ectasia or aorta Alcohol & Drug Dependency (even in remission) Morbid Obesity (BMI>40) Organ Transplants Malnutrition CHF Ostomy Chronic psychiatric diagnosis COPD Aneurysm

Re-admission Rates Don’t forget to document “Z codes” Social determinants of health including: Non-compliance Substance abuse Other “Z” codes Z51.5-Encounter for palliative care Z Z56*-Problems r/t employment and unemployment Z59*-Problems r/t housing and economic circumstances

ED Outpatient Strategy for developing a starting point Start small Meeting with key people to discuss ED physician ED manager CDI staff CDI Director/Manager/Coordinator CDI Auditor/Educator Case management Quality

Identify Barriers CDI would distract from patient care Be in the way Lack of understanding of query process Lack of understanding of documentation to capture severity

CDI for Inpatient Admission from ER Benefits for Medical Necessity Timely query for the most accurate principle diagnosis Ensure the documentation is consistent from the ED to the admission Accurate GLMLOS and status from the time of admission

Education One on one education with ED providers Use our PA to help with education Education for ED staff CDI staff provide education Start simple and gradually build on the education

Take-A-Ways HCC diagnoses directly affect capitated payments to a health plan for its Medicare Advantage members For providers, HCC diagnoses are used to risk-adjust quality and cost measures that can affect payment Remember HCCs, CCs and MCCs overlap which affect the RAF scores for the calendar year Implementing ED CDI program start small

Thank You Rita.fields@bhsi.com Lori.ganote@bhsi.com