Oxidation and Reduction Reactions

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Presentation transcript:

Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Crash Course RedOx Rxns 6 minutes RedOx Rxn Silver and sulfur 0:45

Oxidation and Reduction Reactions - a substance Loses one or more electrons Reduction - a substance Gains one or more electrons

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Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Summary Oxidation and Reduction Reactions OIL RIG Mnemonic (memory aid) OIL-RIG Loss of electrons = Oxidation Gain of electrons = Reduction

Oxidizing Agent a substance that allows another substance to be oxidized, by giving up oxygen or by taking on electrons from the other substance. Note - the oxidizing agent gets reduced. Reducing Agent a substance that allows another substance to be reduced, by taking on oxygen or by giving up electrons to the other substance. Note - the reducing agent gets oxidized.

Oxidation and Reduction Reactions Oxidation Number – not charges, but a way to keep track of the number of electrons that can be lost or gained # Oxidation Number Rules 0.0 -2:17

Oxidation Number Rules The oxidation number of an atom of an uncombined element is zero. The oxidation number of any monoatomic ion equals its ionic charge.

Oxidation Number Rules

Oxidation Number Rules In compounds, the oxidation number of many elements corresponds to the element's position in the periodic table: a) Metals in Group 1 are always +1. b) Metals in Group 2 are always +2. c) Aluminum is always +3. d) Fluorine is always -1.

Oxidation Number Rules e) Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 when combined with nonmetals and -1 when combined with a metal in a metal hydride.

Oxidation Number Rules f) Oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2, except in peroxides where it is -1, or in a compound with a more electronegative element (F) where it is +2.

Oxidation Number Rules The oxidation numbers of elements in compounds are written per atom.

Oxidation Number Rules The algebraic sum of the individual oxidation numbers of all the atoms in the formula for a compound is zero.

Oxidation Number Rules The algebraic sum of the formula for a polyatomic ion (Table E) is equal to the charge of the ion.