The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution,

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The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution, 1865-1896 Cover Slide The American Pageant Chapter 26 The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution, 1865-1896 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Coxey's Army Coxey's Army Jacob Coxey's "army" of the unemployed reaches the outskirts of Washington, D.C., in 1894. Note the new electrical or telephone poles. (Library of Congress) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Gold miners with sluice, c. 1850 At first, gold miners worked individually, each with a shovel and pan. By the 1850s devices like the one shown here, a "long tom," were making mining a cooperative venture. Miners shoveled clay, dirt, and stone into a long and narrow box, hosed in water at one end, stirred the mixture, and waited for the finer gravel, which might include gold, to fall through small holes and lodge under the box. (The Hallmark Photographic Collection, Hallmark Cards, Inc. Kansas City, Missouri) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

King Debs King Debs This famous cartoon about the Pullman strike, originally published July 14, 1894, in Harper's Weekly, shows Eugene Debs, head of the American Railway Union, sitting atop a railway bridge that has been turned to cut off all rail traffic. The railroad cars behind him are labeled "fresh vegetables," "beef," and "fruit," to emphasize the perishable nature of the products that could not be delivered, and others are identified as "U.S. Mail." In the background, factories have "closed" signs on them. This cartoon, and others like it, helped to mobilize opinion against the strikers. (Library of Congress) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Red Cloud's Delegations, 1868 Red Cloud (seated, second from left), with other Oglala Sioux, visited President Grant at the White House to argue for his people's right to trade at Fort Laramie, Wyoming. His clothing, unlike the traditional Native American dress of the other chiefs, reflected his desire to negotiate with whites on equal terms. ( National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Map: Agricultural Regions, 1889-1900 In the Pacific Northwest and east of the 28-inch-rainfall line, farmers could grow a greater variety of crops. Territory west of the line was either too mountainous or too arid to support agriculture without irrigation. The grasslands that once fed buffalo herds now could feed beef cattle. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Map: Mining and Cattle Frontiers, 1860-1890 The western mining and ranching bonanzas lured thousands of Americans hoping to get rich quick. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Map: Settlement of the Trans-Mississippi West, 1860-1890 The West was not settled by a movement of peoples gradually creeping westward from the East. Rather, settlers first occupied California and the Midwest and then filled up the nation's vast interior. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Map: The Development and Natural Resources of the West By 1890 mining, lumbering, and cattle ranching had penetrated many areas west of the Mississippi River, and railroads had linked together the western economy. These characteristics, along with the spread of agriculture, contributed to the Census Bureau's observation that the frontier had disappeared; yet, as the map shows, large areas remain undeveloped. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Map: The Oklahoma Land Rush, 1889-1906 Lands in Oklahoma not settled by "Sooners" were sold by lotteries, allotments, and sealed-bid auctions. By 1907 the major reservations had been broken up, and each Native American family had been given a small farm. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Map: U.S. Territorial Expansion in the Late Nineteenth Century The major period of U.S. territorial expansion abroad came in a short burst of activity in the late 1890s, when newspapers and some politicians beat the drums for empire. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Map: Western Indian Reservations, 1890 Native-American reservations were almost invariably located on poor-quality lands. Consequently, when the Dawes Severalty Act broke up the reservations into 160-acre farming tracts, many of the semiarid divisions would not support cultivation. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.