The Cold War: “Super” Collision

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Presentation transcript:

The Cold War: “Super” Collision U.S. versus U.S.S.R. 1960s, 1970s & 1980s

The Cold War: 1960s Leadership of the 1960s John F. Kennedy (U.S.: 1960 –1963) Nikita Khrushchev (Soviet Union: 1953 –1964)

The Cold War: 1960s Flexible Response the U.S. can respond to aggression across a broad spectrum of warfare; not only to nuclear arms Called for building up stock of conventional weapons Began with the construction of ICBMs (Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles)

The Cold War: 1960s Bay of Pigs Invasion (April, 1961) U.S. backed invasion by anti-Castro Cuban exiles FAILURE! No air support Americans embarrassed since JFK & CIA planned the invasion

The Cold War: 1960s Cuban Missile Crisis (October, 1962) Major confrontation between the US & USSR Nuclear missiles site discovered in Cuba Kennedy placed blockade on the island Khrushchev agreed to remove missiles A “Hot Line” was established between the White House and the Kremlin US agreed to remove nuclear weapons from Turkey

The Cold War: 1960s Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall began construction in 1961 Separated East and West Berlin What does this mean for Germany?

Berlin Wall: construction begins in 1961

The Cold War: 1970s Leadership of the 1970s Richard Nixon (US: 1969-1974) Leonid Brezhnev (USSR:1964-1982) Policy of Détente A policy of “relaxation” in the relations between the US and Soviet Union This DOES NOT mean that the US stopped fighting communism…just relaxed…

The Cold War: 1970s Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I) The US & the USSR signed a 5 year agreement to limit the number of “intercontinental ballistic and submarine launched missiles”

Toward the end of the Cold War it got WARMER… Warsaw Pact Countries became nationalistic they got tired of Soviet domination Awful Soviet economy communism couldn’t keep up with capitalism Ronald Reagan won the arms race Mikhail Gorbachev let USSR see the West Soviet people want what west has Expansion of NATO NATO got more powerful USSR collapses countries demand independence

The Cold War: 1980s Leadership of the 1980s Ronald Reagan (1981 –1989) Mikhail Gorbachev (1985 –1991)

The Cold War: 1980s Gorbachev’s Policies Glasnost (openness) Free flow of ideas Perestroika (economic restructuring) Small businesses allowed to open Glasnost (openness) Free flow of ideas Churches opened, dissidents released from prison, reporters could resume criticisms Perestroika (economic restructuring) Revive economy Small businesses allowed to open Managers given more control over farms and factories

The Cold War: 1980s Fall of the Berlin Wall By the late 1980s, the East Germans were furious that their government had completely closed its borders; no one could leave Horrible conditions – PROTESTS! On November 9, 1989 the Berlin Wall was finally opened Completely destroyed by 1990

The Cold War: 1990s By December 1991, all satellite nations had declared independence from the Soviet Union Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Loose federation of the former USSR Marks the death of the Soviet Union