A. Nuclear Forces Do nuclei contain attractive or repulsive forces?

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Presentation transcript:

A. Nuclear Forces Do nuclei contain attractive or repulsive forces? repulsion attraction

+ + A. Nuclear Forces Strong Nuclear Force (SNF) binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus. stronger than electric repulsive force over very short distances. + +

A. Nuclear Forces Effect of Size on SNF more protons, more electric repulsion larger, more unstable (↑ 83 protons) Small Nucleus Large Nucleus attraction repulsion attraction repulsion

B. Nuclear Reactions Transmutation + change of an atom of one element (atom) to an atom of different element identity changes by changing # of PROTONS (At #) nuclear rxns change nuclei and protons (At #) to make different atoms chemical rxns transfer or share electrons to rearrange atoms +

E = mc2 B. Fission Nuclear Binding Energy 671 million mph!!! the energy released when a nucleus is formed. little mass converted to LOTS of energy E = mc2 671 million mph!!!

Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235 B. Fission splitting a larger nucleus into smaller nuclei or particles Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235 B. Fission Nuclear Fission of Uranium-235

B. Fission Storage of Radioactive Waste spent fuel rods in water pools or dry casks of concrete/steel.

C. Fusion combining of 2 nuclei to form 1 larger nucleus is the product much more energy powers stars naturally high temp plasma

Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor C. Fusion Fusion reactors (not sustainable) Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

C. Fission vs Fusion Fission Fusion vs. FISSION FUSION 235U is limited meltdown risk radioactive waste less energy Hydrogen is abundant no meltdown risk harmless product not yet sustainable

Quick Quiz! In nuclear reactions, the ________ always changes. number of electrons mass number atomic number number of neutrons 12

Quick Quiz! E=mc2 shows how a little bit of _________ can be converted into lots of __________. energy, mass. mass, energy. mass, light. light, energy. 13

Quick Quiz! Which statement about nuclear reactions is FALSE? Heat and light in the sun are produced by hydrogen fusion reactions. The total mass of the products is slightly less than the total mass of the reactants. In fusion, nuclei are combined, and in fission, nuclei are split. Power plants use fusion of H isotopes. 14