Behavioral restriction effects on activity motivation of a captive lion (Panthera leo persica)  Daisuke Kohari, Ayaka Sunada, Yukiko Matsui, Ayumi Ootaki, Hidemasa Hori  Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research  Volume 17, Pages 14-18 (January 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.11.002 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Diagram of the study area. Dotted areas show the exhibition area. Striped areas are the lion's rest chambers. “P” denotes a pond. “R” denotes the two imitation rocks in the enclosure. Black bars show imitation woods. Double lines around the enclosure show the viewpoint of this exhibition. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research 2017 17, 14-18DOI: (10.1016/j.jveb.2016.11.002) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 The number of behavior repertories of the lions between the confined days and the released days. White bars represent the number of the daytime repertories. Black bars represent the number of the nighttime repertories observed. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research 2017 17, 14-18DOI: (10.1016/j.jveb.2016.11.002) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Differences of numbers of respective behavior repertories of the lions between the confined days and the released days. White bars represent the number of the daytime repertories. Striped bars represent the number of the nighttime repertories observed. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research 2017 17, 14-18DOI: (10.1016/j.jveb.2016.11.002) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Difference of the percentages of the maintenance behavior of the lions between the confined days and the released days. The upper bar graph shows daytime percentages. The lower bar graph shows nighttime percentages. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research 2017 17, 14-18DOI: (10.1016/j.jveb.2016.11.002) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Twenty-four-hour transition of resting and walking behaviors of lions between confined days and the released days. The upper line graph shows the behavior on confined days. The lower one shows the behavior on released days. Dotted lines with filled circles show percentages of walking. Normal lines with open circles show percentages of resting each hour. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research 2017 17, 14-18DOI: (10.1016/j.jveb.2016.11.002) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Percentages of pacing behavior during walking time between confined days and released days. White bars show percentages of pacing on the released days. Black bars show the percentages of pacing on confined days. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research 2017 17, 14-18DOI: (10.1016/j.jveb.2016.11.002) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions