EXPANDED UNDERWATER ROBOTICS READY FOR OIL SPILL Oil Spill ResponseTools: Sensors and Models EXPANDED UNDERWATER ROBOTICS READY FOR OIL SPILL D. Hayes, G. Georgiou Oceanography Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
Oil Spill Response Tools: Sensors and Models Outline Introduction to the use of oil spill modelling What are oil spill models? Examples of operation. Introduction to sensors for oil detection What is commonly used? Application case studies.
Oil Spill Response Tools: Sensors and Models Oil Fate Modelling MedSlik II: Open source, compatible with local and MyOcean products Requires, surface temperature, currents, winds Type and amount of oil for evaporation effect Wave effect if needed ‘sticking’ to coast is simulated Beirut Simulation of the oil dispersion from 13 July to 2 August 2006
Oil Spill Response Tools: Sensors and Models Defining an oil spill Unwanted release of hydrocarbons or mixture containing hydrocarbons Type(s) of hydrocarbon (crude, refined or mixture) and properties Rate and duration, or total volume of release Position of release (surface, seafloor, or mid-depth point(s)) Environmental conditions (winds, currents, waves, temperature, stratification) Oil Fate Modelling Dynamic processes (by order of importance) Advection-diffusion (spreading by winds, currents and turbulence) Evaporation Emulsification Oxidation Bacterial degradation Dissolution (from Bobra and Fingas, 1986)
Oil Spill Response Tools: Sensors and Models Inputs Ocean currents, followed by sea surface temperature and wind. Direct measurement-surface drifter, current meter Model predictions-operational models like CYCOM or CMEMS (Copernicus)
Oil Spill Response Tools: Sensors and Models Models (free and/or open source) General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME) oil spill trajectory model Emergency Response Division (ERD) (free) http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/oil-and-chemical-spills/oil-spills/response-tools/gnome.html ADIOS: Automated Data Inquiry for Oil Spills for weathering only MedSLIK-II (open source), used in this project and in previous http://medslikii.bo.ingv.it/ t=0 1h 2h
Oil Spill Response Tools: Sensors and Models Sensors for in water detection Based on fluorescence: many possible substances mean false positives likely Multiple probes must be used simultaneously (turbidity, CDOM, conductivity, oxygen) Calibration impossible for real spills-best case is “present or not present” Confirmation with remote sensing, visual observation, water samples if possible