Govt. Engg. College, Dahod

LATHE MACHINE AND LATHE WORK Presentation on Manufacturing process-1 LATHE MACHINE AND LATHE WORK

Introduction A lathe /ˈleɪð/ is a machine tool which rotates the workpiece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling,drilling, or deformation, facing, turning, with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object which has symmetry about an axis of rotation.

History Of Lathe The lathe is an ancient tool, dating at least to ancient Egypt and known to be used in Assyria and ancient Greece. The lathe was very important to the Industrial Revolution. The origin of turning dates to around 1300 BCE when the Ancient Egyptians first developed a two-person lathe. One person would turn the wood work piece with a rope while the other used a sharp tool to cut shapes in the wood. Ancient Rome improved the Egyptian design with the addition of a turning bow. In the Middle Ages a pedal replaced hand-operated turning, freeing both the craftsman's hands to hold the woodturning tools. The pedal was usually connected to a pole, often a straight-grained sapling. The system today is called the "spring pole" lathe. Spring pole lathes were in common use into the early 20th century. An important early lathe in the UK was the horizontal boring machine that was installed in 1772 in the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich. It was horse-powered and allowed for the production of much more accurate and stronger cannon used with success in the American Revolutionary War in the late 18th century. One of the key characteristics of this machine was that the workpiece was turning as opposed to the tool, making it technically a lathe (see attached drawing). Henry Maudslay who later developed many improvements to the lathe worked at the Royal Arsenal from 1783 being exposed to this machine in the Verbruggen workshop.[1] During the Industrial Revolution, mechanized power generated by water wheels or steam engines was transmitted to the lathe via line shafting, allowing faster and easier work. Metalworking lathes evolved into heavier machines with thicker, more rigid parts. Between the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, individual electric motors at each lathe replaced line shafting as the power source. Beginning in the 1950s,servomechanisms were applied to the control of lathes and other machine tools via numerical control, which often was coupled with computers to yield computerized numerical control (CNC). Today manually controlled and CNC lathes coexist in the manufacturing industries.

Types of Lathe Engine Lathe The most common form of lathe, motor driven and comes in large variety of sizes and shapes. Bench Lathe A bench top model usually of low power used to make precision machine small work pieces. Tracer Lathe A lathe that has the ability to follow a template to copy a shape or contour.

Automatic Lathe A lathe in which the work piece is automatically fed and removed without use of an operator. Cutting operations are automatically controlled by a sequencer of some form Turret Lathe lathe which have multiple tools mounted on turret either attached to the tailstock or the cross-slide, which allows for quick changes in tooling and cutting operations. Computer Controlled Lathe A highly automated lathe, where both cutting, loading, tool changing, and part unloading are automatically controlled by computer coding.

Component Description

Lathe Operations Turning:produce straight, conical, curved, or grooved workpieces Facing: to produce a flat surface at the end of the part or for making face grooves.   Boring: to enlarge a hole or cylindrical cavity made by a previous process or to produce circular internal grooves. Drilling: to produce a hole by fixing a drill in the tailstock Threading: to produce external or internal threads Knurling: to produce a regularly shaped roughness on cylindrical surfaces

Lathe Operations

Single point cutting tool Cutting Tools Single point cutting tool

Work Holding Devices Fig : (a) and (b) Schematic illustrations of a draw-in-type collets. The workpiece is placed in the collet hole, and the conical surfaces of the collet are forced inward by pulling it with a draw bar into the sleeve. (c) A push-out type collet. (d) Workholding of a part on a face plate.

Three jaw chuck - For holding cylindrical stock centered. - For facing/center drilling the end of your aluminum stock Four-Jaw Chuck - This is independent chuck generally has four jaws , which are adjusted individually on the chuck face by means of adjusting screws

Collet chuck is used to hold small workpieces Thin jobs can be held by means of magnetic chucks. Magnetic Chuck Thin jobs can be held by means of magnetic chucks.

Various images of Lathe machine

130180119092 Chirag Shah 130180119093 Tarang Shah Presented by Student Having Enrolment Given As Follows: 130180119092 Chirag Shah 130180119093 Tarang Shah 130180119094 Yashkamal Sharma 130180119096 Abhishek Singh 130180119097 Ronark singh 130180119099 Jaydeep Solanki Students Of mechanical deparment semester third