10th World Studies 1.11.17 Turn in: Take out: Today’s Agenda: HW: Nothing Take out: Planner Pen/Pencil Notes Today’s objective: I can describe how the events of the Napoleon’s rule brought change to the political order of France and Europe. Today’s Agenda: Other thoughts on Napoleon The Congress of Vienna The Industrial Revolution HW: Take home “Quiz” on Napoleon (Due Friday)

“Battle of the Nations” Memorial Napoleon’s Defeat at Leipzig (October 16-17, 1813) “Battle of the Nations” Memorial

Napoleon Abdicates! Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814. Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender. Napoléon abdicated again on April 11. Treaty of Fontainbleau  exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs. The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.

Napoleon’s Abdication

Napoleon in Exile on Elba

Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)

The "Hundred Days" (March 20 - June 22, `1815)

Napoleon’s Final Campaign Napoleon’s “100 Days” 1815: France   Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days. Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo (June 18, 1815) Prussian General Blücher Duke of Wellington http://www.theartofbattle.com/battle-of-waterloo-1815/

Napoleon on His Way to His Final Exile on St. Helena https://www.google.com/maps/@-20.2698324,5.1060511,4z

Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena

Napoleon’s 3 Costly Mistakes

1) The Continental System ordered a blockade (forced all ports to close) to stop trade between Britain and Europe goal to isolate Britain weakened trade, but didn’t destroy it (smuggling) Britain blockaded all neutral ships hurt Napoleon’s empire more than his enemies

2) The Peninsular Campaign Went through Spain to invade Portugal Spanish rioted, so he deposed (kicked out) the Spanish king and replaced him with his brother, Joseph Guerillas (Spanish peasant fighters) ambushed Napoleon’s troops, which weakened France Spanish proved importance of nationalism

3) Invasion of Russia French ally, Russia, sold grain to Britain (French enemy), so Napoleon invaded most French troops were drafted, and felt little loyalty Russians used a scorched-earth policy (burned fields and slaughtered livestock to starve soldiers into surrendering) Attacks and cold weather nearly wiped out the French army

NAPOLEON’S FINAL DEFEAT After attempting to make a comeback (Hundred Days) and re-conquer France, Napoleon’s army was defeated by the British and Prussians at Waterloo (in Belgium, 1815)

The Congress of Vienna

Europe in 1812

The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)

Main Objectives It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done: Reduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level. Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era. Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

Key Players at Vienna Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.) Tsar Alexander I (Rus.) The “Host” Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.) King Frederick William III (Prus.) Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)

Key Principles Established at Vienna Balance of Power Legitimacy Compensation Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years. France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.

Changes Made at Vienna (1) France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon. Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland). Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories. A Germanic Confederation of 30+ states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule. Austria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy. The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule.

The Germanic Confederation, 1815

Changes Made at Vienna (2) Norway and Sweden were joined. The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed. Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom. Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and various other colonies in Africa and Asia. Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and Genoa. The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the Two Sicilies. The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise. The slave trade was condemned (at British urging). Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for many rivers.

Establishment of Congress System: New World Order Preserving the Agreement Internally: “Tough” Government Conservative Carlsbad Decrees Externally: Cooperative Action - work together to stop threats “Concert of Europe” Congress of Troppau Holy Allance: Austria, Prussia, Russia Francis I Frederick William III Alexander I

Europe in 1812

Europe After the Congress of Vienna

The Industrial Revolution The Rise of Great Britain and “Modern” Europe Britain = “Workshop of the World” “Time is Money” -Ben Franklin “I’ve done a lot of work to get where I’m at, but I have to keep working.” -Wiz Khalifa

France Weakened After Congress of Vienna… Europe in 1812 Europe in 1817 (at the height of Napoleon) (After the Congress of Vienna) France reduced in size and surrounded by “Spheres of Influence” *High Unemployment Due to Returning Soldiers French Revolution = Political Power to Bourgeoisie, Industrial Revolution = Economic Power

Industrial Revolution (1750-1900) Radical change in the way goods and services were produced Greatly increased output of machine made goods Burst of major inventions and technological changes Takes place mainly in Great Britain

Population Growth 1750 – 5.5 Million 1800 – 9 Million 1850 – 27.5 Million *NEED FOR SCIENTIFIC FARMING* Corn = 20 times yield other grain Potato = Can grow anywhere

Continental System =

Early Advances Jethro Tull: Creates a “Seed Drill” to plant seeds in uniform rows 80% increase in efficiency https://youtu.be/_pnfzrABrzk ?t=1m1s