Syuhadah tengku hajar nabila sarah hanim suhaila affrin MUSCLE IN PELVIC LIMB Syuhadah tengku hajar nabila sarah hanim suhaila affrin

Syuhadah tengku hajar nabila UPPER PART OF PELVIC LIMB Syuhadah tengku hajar nabila

Gluteus Medius Origin: Upper surface of the ilium of the pelvis Insertion: Top and back of the upper end of the femur Action: Extends the hip joint (important muscle for rearing, jumping, kicking and propulsion) ; abduction

Gluteus Superficial Origin: Gluteal fascia and sacrum Insertion: On the greater trochanter of the femur Action: Extensor and flexor of the hip joint

Sartorius Origin: Tendon of the psoas minor and the fascia of the iliac Insertion: Medial patellar ligament and the tuberosity of the tibia Action: Flexes the hip joint and adducts the limb

Rectus Femoris Origin: Two small adjacent areas on the body of the pelvis just in front of the hip socket. Insertion: The base and anterior surface of the patella Action: Flexes hip joint and extends stifle joint

Vastus Lateralis Origin: Lateral surface of the femur, from the trochanter major to the supracondyloid fossa. Insertion: Anterior surface of the patella and the tendon of the rectus femoris. Action: Extends stifle joint.

Tensor Fascia Latae Origin: Point of the hip (outer front corner of the illium of the pelvis) Insertion: Into the fascia of the leg, it surrounds the vastus lateralis and the rectus femoris Action: Flexes hip joint; extends stifle joint.

Semimembranosus Origin: The ventral surface of the ischial tuberosity. Insertion: Medial surfaces of distal femur behind the collateral ligament Action: Extends the hip and adducts the limb

Semitendinosus Origin: Ischial tuberosity Insertion: Medial surface of tibia, tuber calcanei. Action: Extends hip, stifle and hock joint; flexes stifle joint when hindfoot is lifted from the ground.

Gracilis Origin: Symphysial tendon, prepubic tendon, accessory ligament, and the ventral surface of the pubis. Insertion: Tibial crest by strong tendinous bands to the tuber calcanei. Action: Extends the hip and tarsal joints, flexes the stifle joint, and adducts the limb.

MIDDLE PART OF THE PELVIC LIMB Sarah hanim suhaila

TIBIALIS CRANIALIS Origin : Upper end of the outer side of the tibia Insertion : Front of the upper end of the large metatarsal bone and inside back corner of the ankle Action : Flexes the ankle joint

PERONEUS TERTIUS Origin : From a depression on the outer surface of the very bottom of the femur Insertion : Inner front corner f the upper end of the large metatarsal Action : Flexes the ankle joint

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS Origin : Outer of the very bottom of the femur Insertion : Upper edge of the front surface of the last toe bone of both toes Action : Extend all three toe joint

PERONEUS LONGUS Origin : Upper end of the tibia Insertion : Upper end of the inner rear corner of the large metatarsal bone Action : Flexes the ankle joint and rotates the foot inwardly

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LATERALIS Origin : Between femur and tibia Insertion : Upper front end of the middle toe bone of the outer toe Action : Extend the upper two toe joints of the outer toe

SOLEUS Origin : Outer surface of the upper end of fibula Insertion : Into the tendon of the gastrocnemius and into the top of the heel bone Action : Assists the gastrocnemius in extending the ankle joint

Gastrocnemius Origin: Outer head - vertical line on the outer rear edge of the femur , three fourths of the way down the bone. Inner head - Area on the inner rear corner of the femur, at a level lower than the origin of the outer head. Insertion: Top of the heel bone (calcaneous). Action: Flexes the knee joint; powerfully extends the ankle joint, propelling the animal forward.

FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS Origin : Outer rear corner of the femur Insertion : Rear surface of the middle to bone of both toes Action : Extend the ankle joint, flexes the toes and knee joint

FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS Origin : Flexor Digital Longus : Middle third of the rear surface of the tibia Tibialis Caudalis : Extreme outer rear corner at the upper end of the tibia Insertion : Lower end of the last toe bone of both toes Action : Flexes all the toe joints and extend the ankle joint

Caudal Digits affrin

FDP - Flexor digitorum profundus

EDLon - Extensor digitorum longus TibCr - Tibialis era-malls PerLo - Peroneus longus EDLat - Extensor digitorum Lateralis EDBr - Extensor digitorum brevis

Muscles of Flexion of the Caudal Digits 1. Flexor Digitorum Longus 2. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis 3. Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Muscles of Extension of the Caudal Digits 1. Extensor Digitorum Longus 2. Extensor Digiti 1 3. Extensor Digitorum Lateralis (digit 5) 4. Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Muscles of Lateral Rotation of the Caudal Paw 1. Tibialis Cranialis 2. Tibialis Caudalis Muscles of Medial Rotation of the Caudal Paw 1. Peroneus Longus