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Primates

Primatology The study of primates and how they have adapted anatomically and behaviorally to their environments Anthropologist believe this will help in understanding human behavior

Give birth to live young Primates are mammals Meaning they are: warm blooded Vertebrates Give birth to live young

Mammals larger more well developed brains Fur/ hair covered

Primates Traits Primates are an arboreal mammal They are generally omnivorous Most have an opposable thumb They are social animals

Other Primate Traits Forward facing eyes Grasping hands and feet Rotating forearms

Primate Traits Relatively large brains Reduction in sense of smell Steroescopic vision

Long childhood dependency periods Play The ability to learn Primate Social Traits Diurnal Long childhood dependency periods Play The ability to learn

Living Primates Prosimians: Ex. Lemurs Tasiers, Bushbabies

Living Primates Anthropoids witch are divided into New World and Old World Primates New World Monkeys include marmosets and tamarins

Marmosets

Old world primates include Old World Monkeys and Apes

Apes Gibbons and Siamangs Orangutans, Gorillas, and Chimpanzees Hominids

The also have anatomical and behavioral similarities Apes Chimpanzees and gorillas have DNA that is similar to homo sapiens The also have anatomical and behavioral similarities

Hominids are bipedal primates

Homo Sapiens The only surviving bipedal primate (hominid) on earth today is us!

Early Hominids Characteristics of early hominids: Sagittal crests=large jaw mussels Sahelanthropus, Orrorin, and Ardipithecus Most of the debate around Sahelanthropus, Orrorin, and Ardipithecus is about: if they were entirely bipedal

Homo Erectus was most likely the first hominid to make tools Early Hominids cont. Homo Erectus was most likely the first hominid to make tools Australopithecine-generally divided into: Gracile and Robust

Homo Sapiens The family of bipedal primates to which Homo Sapiens belong: hominids The genus Homo is regarded as the first to: make tools Homo Sapiens evolved around: 200KYA

How Homo Sapiens Evolved The single origin theory is supported by: mtDNA The multiregional theory of evolution holds that humans evolved from Neanderthalensis

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Bipedalism Bipedalism: it was useful for “hands free living” it allowed a vantage point to spot predators it kept the body cooler The Savanna theory of bipedalism states: bipedalism developed to keep hominids cool

Had a complex social structure and rudimentary tool making abilities Neanderthals Had a complex social structure and rudimentary tool making abilities Neanderthal had religion: buried dead and saved skulls

Neanderthals Extinction of Neanderthalensis: Homo Sapiens had a role in killing them off they interbreed with Homo Sapiens they were noted suited to the changing environment

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