Using Checklists to Look at Physical Development Chapter 4 Using Checklists to Look at Physical Development © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Using the Checklist (Slide 1 of 4) Predetermined list of criteria Answers the question “Yes” or “No” Closed method Records attainment of milestones of development Gives indicators of the sequence of development Shows progress over time © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Using the Checklist(Slide 2 of 4) Some Examples of Checklists Teachers Safety Checklist: Indoor Spaces, Outdoor Spaces Child Observation Record (COR) Developmental Profiles: Pre-Birth Through Adolescence Early Learning Observation & Rating Scale Observing Development of the Young Child Ages and Stages Questionnaire The Work Sampling System © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Using the Checklist(Slide 3 of 4) Limitation to Checklists Do not preserve details of conversation Raw data is lost No notation beyond presence or absence of skill Decision may be influenced by personal bias No way to form an independent opinion © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Using the Checklist(Slide 4 of 4) How to Find the Time Using Technology What to Do with It File in each child’s portfolio/folder Use it to plan curriculum in areas not yet attained Use it to look further at significant development lags Compare to previous recording to see progress over time Share with child and family © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Table 4-1: Method Recap Advantages Disadvantages Time and labor efficient Loses the details of the event Comprehensive May be biased by the recorder Documentation development Depends on the criteria to be clearly observable An individual documentation on each child May have many items to check, making it time consuming Clear indication of the developmental continuum The Checklist method of recording can be used for Recording the presence or absence of predetermined criteria. Showing the sequence of developmental progress. Measuring progress. Screening for developmental lags. As a curriculum-planning tool for individualized intentional teaching. © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Your Frame of Reference Cultural Self Education and Training Past Experiences with Children Own Learning Styles Biases For or Against the Child Personal Factors That May Affect Observation © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Looking at Physical Growth and Development (Slide 1 of 3) Quantitative changes that can be measured in numbers DEVELOPMENT: Quantitative changes, refined in a predictable sequence AFFECTED BY: Genetics Prenatal care Health factors Environmental factors Age, maturation Social factors Economics © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Figure 4-7: Interrelated Factors in Physical Growth and Development © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Looking at Physical Growth and Development (Slide 2 of 3) Common Characteristics of Development Predictable Sequence Individual Timetable Cephalocaudal – head-to-toe direction of development (head control then the shoulder and down wards) Proximodistal – physical control from the center of the body outward (control of the shoulders and arms then hands and fingers) Readiness Individual time table © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Looking at Physical Growth and Development (Slide 3 of 3) Small Muscle Development Coordinated functions of arm, hand, and fingers Often taken for granted Initially moved by reflex Leads to the achievement of readiness to write Activities to build small muscles Observing Small Muscle Development Checklists Anecdotal records Samples of the child’s work © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Development and Other Areas of Development (Slide 1 of 6) Cognitive development – learning from others performance Language – verbal directions can tell the body to move Maturation – as one ages, body movements are perfected Health –can affect development Genetics – inherited diseases/disorders can affect physical development Emotional development – can affect emotions such as pride or self-esteem Social development- friends and families influence on physical activities © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Environment – location affects physical development Experiences – types of opportunities (ballet, sports)

Physical Development and Other Areas of Development (Slide 2 of 6) Physical Development and Health and Obesity Concerns Early physical development and fitness affects lifelong health Obesity rate has tripled in last 25 years Young children have increased television viewing Family structure has changed to more parents working outside the home © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Development and Other Areas of Development (Slide 3 of 6) Physical Development and Health and Obesity Concerns, cont. Four components to incorporate into early childhood curriculum: Muscular strength and endurance Flexibility Cardiovascular efficiency Body composition © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Development and Other Areas of Development (Slide 4 of 6) Physical Development and the Brain Nervous system and brain developing Sensory integration: information taken in through senses and organized for controlled body reactions © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Development and Other Areas of Development (Slide 5 of 6) Physical Development and Social-Emotional Development Positive relationships built through play Feeling of community enhanced Trust and collaboration skills built Obesity may lead to lower self-esteem © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Development and Other Areas of Development (Slide 6 of 6) Intentional Teaching for Physical Development Arranging the environment to allow for movement Buying equipment and props with movement in mind Demonstrating enthusiasm for physical activity Helping children understand why movement is important © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Development and Play (Slide 1 of 5) Observing Physical Development in Play Height Weight Movement © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Development and Play (Slide 2 of 5) For Safety Maintenance Safe Indoor Play Safe Outdoor Play © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Development and Play (Slide 3 of 5) Observing The Physical Development Of Infants And Toddlers Critical for health and safety Physical changes as indicators of all development Before language, it is through close observation that the caregiver is informed of the child’s health and safety New locomotor skills bring opportunities for exploration and learning but also expose the child to new dangers © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Development and Play (Slide 4 of 5) Differences between the Physical Play of Girls and Boys Boys tend to be more aggressive and physical Girls more domestic and verbal © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Physical Development and Play (Slide 5 of 5) Play in Nature Benefits Health Smarter Feel better Good for the Earth © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Helping All Children with Physical Development Culture and Play Children with Disabilities Visual Physical Impairments © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.