Pregnancy through Old Age

Fertilization

Zygote, Mitosis, Differentiation 40,000,000,000,000 40 Trillion cells

Some defects are internal

Some defects are external

Overcoming Birth Defects

Most common cause of birth defects

Neural Tube Defects, NTDs the most devastating birth defects e.g. 1- ______________________

NTD e.g. 2 - _________________

NTD e.g. 3 - ____________________

FAS = ___________________________

Non Nutrients linked to birth defects Alcohol Tobacco smoke Meds for high blood pressure, esp. ACE inhibitors Some antidepressants (lithium and some SSRIs) Sulfonamides and nitrofurantoines (for UTIs) Amphetamines Narcotics/opiates Accutane Being overweight/obese at time of conception Having DM at time of conception

Folate (a.k.a. folic acid) - Vitamin _________ To prevent NTDs Folate (a.k.a. folic acid) - Vitamin _________ Essential for ________________________________ Damage due to deficiency is most likely days ______ RDA = ___________________  risk by ______ Men also…  risk by _________ Sources ____________________________________________________________________________________