ADDICTION A person is dependent… If someone's substance use leads to significant impact either physically, emotionally, financially and/or socially.

Stages of Addiction Experimentation – use influenced by curiosity Social/Recreational – use is infrequent, no negative consequences Habituation – pattern of use; drug is starting to take control Drug Abuse – continued used in spite of negative consequences Addiction – compulsion/loss of control

Physical Progression Tolerance – need more of drug Craving - Cells become dependent Withdrawal syndrome – body feels sick Psychological dependence – feeling of fear if you don’t have the drug Health problems – sleep problems, more sickness, mental illness, organs damaged

Neurotransmitters The body makes these chemical substances that are released in the brain Endorphins – Reduce pain and stress Dopamine – Pleasure & Rewards Serotonin – Regulates mood & anxiety Acetylcholine – Memory & Learning Norepinephrine – Promotes feelings of energy & attention Span

DRUGS

Prescription Drugs Purpose – to prevent disease, aid in curing, relieve symptoms, bring wanted effects Over the Counter OTC – need the right one, do not overuse, maybe masking serious illness Prescription – dangerous/easily abused & misused, based on body weight, age etc. Drug Synergy - Interaction of 2 drugs when combined bring wanted effects. Antagonist Drug – the effect of one medicine is canceled or reduced when taken with another.

STIMULANTS INCREASES THE RATE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS), THE HEART AND OTHER ORGANS

EXAMPLES - STIMULANTS Cocaine/Crack - addictive, restlessness, irritability, anxiety, loss of appetite, insomnia, increased body temperature Amphetamine - used in prescription drugs to reduce fatigue and suppress appetite, diet pills, twitching, irregular heartbeat, heart and blood vessel damage Methamphetamine - addictive, club drug, aggression/crime, sores, damage to brain cells, never can achieve initial high Ritalin - calms down people with ADHD or ADD Caffeine –can cause anxiety and insomnia. Nicotine – very addictive, similar to heroin

Cocaine Illegal very addictive drug made from the leaves of the coca tree. Cocaine use can lead to increased irritability, restlessness, panic attacks, and paranoia—even a full-blown psychosis, in which the individual loses touch with reality. With increase frequency of use, the risk of adverse psychological or physiological effects increases.

Amphetamines Many amphetamine abuses become injured as a result of their decision to attempt erratic stunts or to fight with others because they mistakenly believe that they are untouchable. Often responsible for delusional feelings of power that can create serious consequences. Can lead to a psychosis that is much like that experienced by people who suffer from schizophrenia. 

Nicotine Considered one of the three most widely used psychoactive drugs in the world. The Substance Abuse And Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) reports that approximately 66.5 million Americans over the age of 12 (or 29 percent of the population) used a nicotine containing product in 2001.

Caffeine  The most widely used psychoactive drug in the world, found in coffee, tea, cocoa, chocolate candy, and soft drinks. Increases energy and mental alertness, heavy use can cause symptoms such as anxiety and insomnia. Caffeine is physically addictive, and withdrawal symptoms can include headaches, fatigue, and irritability.

DEPRESSANTS SLOWS DOWN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS), HEART AND OTHER ORGANS

EXAMPLES - DEPRESSANTS Tranquilizers (reduce muscular activity, coordination and attention span…prescribed to relieve anxiety and muscle spasms…withdrawal symptoms can cause death) Barbiturates (mood changes, sleeping more, coma) Alcohol GHB (date rape drug, floor stripper…no memory) Rohypnol (“roofies”…date rape drug…now in a blue pill)

NARCOTICS Derived from opium plant…has a sedative effect.

EXAMPLES - NARCOTICS Morphine – (used for pain…blocks pain receptors, sedative effect, constipation, slow and shallow breathing, addictive) Codeine – (ingredient in cough syrups, similar effects as morphine) Heroin - addictive, derived from poppy plant, slow and slurred speech, constipation, respiratory depression, dry and itchy skin, overdose (would need to consume 1 gal of poppy seeds to show up on drug test)

HALLUCINOGENS Alter moods, thoughts and sense or perceptions including vision, hearing, and touch

EXAMPLES - HALLUCINOGENS PCP - “Angel Dust”, cigarettes or a joint dipped in formaldehyde, violence, inability to feel pain (overdose or accidents) LSD - “Acid”, some don’t come out of high, wires in brain crossed, paranoia, distorted perceptions of sound and color, flashbacks Ecstasy - hallucinogenic effect…clinching & hyperthermia…studies show a connection with early Alzheimer's…voids in the brain Ketamine - “Special K”, horse tranquilizer, used with animals for anesthetic, respiratory failure

INHALENTS Goes immediately to the brain, causing brain damage and killing brain cells Can cause sudden death by increasing heart rate, resulting in cardiac arrest, or it can cause death by suffocation

Examples of Inhalants Spray Paint Cans of Whipped Cream

STEROIDS Synthetic substances similar to the male sex hormone testosterone Causes mood swings, paranoia, depression, acne, sterility, liver cancer, aggression Males: Testicles shrink, breasts enlarge Females: Breasts shrink, increase facial and chest hair

MARIJUANA/HASHISH Marijuana - raises levels of brain chemicals called dopamine (causes a pleasure feeling) - when drug wears off a crash occurs (normal state begins to decline…creating a need for the drug) - contains more cancer causing agents than tobacco - weakens immune system - impaired memory, reaction time and coordination - decreased ambition - heart and lung damage, lung cancer - infertility in females and lowered sperm count in males - stronger than marijuana in the 1970’s - current studies showing connection to mental illness www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ASkRp5CLlk

Spice – Synthetic Marijuana Also known as K2 A mix of herbs and manmade chemicals with mind-altering effects. Effects are often very different from marijuana, and frequently much stronger. Spice has been available for purchase in head shops, gas stations, and online. Chemicals used in Spice have a high potential for abuse and no medical benefit.

Bath Salts Name given to a family of drugs that have one or more manmade chemicals related to cathinone which is an amphetamine-like stimulant, similar to other amphetamines such as methamphetamine and to MDMA (Ecstasy or Molly).  May cause psychotic & violent behavior. Deaths have been reported in several cases.

Watch Truth About Drugs Video Reflection on Addictions Write a paragraph about what you learned from this video. Include 3 facts you remember.

What are the possible consequence and dangers of these statements. Ecstasy is safe. That’s why so many people are using it. Heroin’s great as long as you don’t get addicted. Everyone at the party’s going to be smoking pot. Just trust me and drink this.

Crossing the Line: Choices Answer on slip of paper –NO NAME 1. The rewards of using drugs are worth the possible consequences. Agree -Disagree 2. Drugs are a problem here at EWHS. Agree - Disagree 3.I have been asked to purchase drugs here at EWHS. T/F 4. I am concerned about a friend’s drug use. T/F 5.Our society does enough to end/stop drug use/abuse. Agree - Disagree 6. I have seen the consequences of drug use with friend/family. Agree - Disagree 7. I have experimented with drugs. T/F

Addiction Test You have 5 minutes to look over your notes Scantron Test - Need a pencil Write name, period and Subject- Addiction

QUESTIONS