The Industrial Revolution Britain Leads the Way

California State Standard 10.3.1: Analyze why England was the first country to industrialize. 10.3.5: Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepeneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy.

Focus Question What key factors allowed Britain to lead the way in the Industrial Revolution?

Vocabulary Capital Enterprise Entrepreneur Putting-out system Eli Whitney Turnpike Liverpool Manchester

Population Increase Population increase supplied labor for mining coal, building factories, and running machines

Why Britain? Abundance of natural resources Natural ports and navigable rivers Creation of canals which increase accessibility and trade Large supplies of coal and iron

Demand and Capital England had a ready workforce and the money needed to start new businesses. Britain economy was prospering from overseas trade including the slave trade.

Capital Capital: money used to invest in enterprise. Enterprise: business organization such as shipping, mining, railroads, and factories. Many businesses wanted to invest their capital in new ventures.

Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs: people who managed and assumed financial risk of new businesses.

Check for Understanding List as many reasons as possible for why England was the first country to industrialize.

Textile Industries The Industrial revolution began in England with the textile industry (cotton clothing). Putting-out system (cottage industry): raw cotton was imported and distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove it into cloth.

Standard 10.3.2 Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (the inventions of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison)

Textile Industry Inventions John Kay’s flying shuttle: sped up the weaving process so much that spinners could not keep up. James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny: spun many threads at the same time.

Spinning Jenny

Cotton Gin Cotton production could not keep up. Cotton was cleaned of dirt and seed by hand. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin which removed the seed from cotton which rapidly increased cotton production.

Eli Whitney Cotton Gin

Textile Industry Inventions The inventions ended the putting out system Initially manufacturers put the machines in long sheds located near moving water to be used as a power source. Eventually factories powered by steam engines were created.

Standard Covered 10.3.2 Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (the inventions of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison)

Check for understanding What did Eli Whitney invent and what did it do?

Transportation As production increased manufacturers needed cheaper and faster methods of moving goods. Turnpikes: private roads built by entrepreneurs

Canal Canals were a cheap way to move coal and raw materials The production of the Bridgewater canal cut the price of coal in half.

Steam locomotives Railroads allowed a new freedom as they could be built anywhere. The first major railroad connected Manchester to Liverpool. Eventually railroads covered most of Britain, Europe, and North America

Standard covered 10.3.5 Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy.