Classification of Periodic Table

Periodic Table Vertical columns called groups. Elements in group have similar properties. Rows called periods. Physical and chemical properties vary across periods.

Periodic Table Metals - Good conductors of heat and electricity. Non-metals- Poor conductors of heat and electricity. Metalloids- Have some characteristics of metals and non-metals (semiconductors).

Alkali Metals Shown in Group 1 Very reactive metals– Combine with non-metals to form salts. Do not occur freely in nature. Malleable, ductile, good conductors. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY

Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 elements Harder, stronger, higher boiling points than alkali metals Reactive, though not as reactive as alkali metals

Noble Gases Chemically - do not react with other elements . Extremely rare in nature, and none was known until helium was discovered to exist on the sun. Used in industry in arc welding, to dilute the oxygen in deep-sea divers' gas tanks, and to fill light bulbs.

Halogens Means "salt-former.“ Form salts when they react with a metal. Highly reactive. Common materials with many commercial uses.

Representative elements Groups 1,2, 13-18. Electrons in s and (sometimes) p orbitals Sometimes referred to as Group A elements. Representative of how atoms form compounds.

Transition metals Groups 3-12 electrons in s and d orbitals Sometimes referred to as Group B elements Not as reactive as alkali and alkaline earth metals Harder, more dense, and higher boiling points (except Hg)

Inner Transition metals Also called “Rare earth” elements. Electrons in s and f orbitals. Composed of the Lanthanide and Actinide Series, which are named for the first element in each series.

Lanthanide Series Not rare, but hard to separate from each other (chemically similar) Shiny, reactive metals Use in TV tubes Make the world’s strongest magnets!

Actinide Series Some not found in nature, only made in labs. All are radioactive. There are special laboratories that specialize in experimenting on these elements. Some of these particle accelerators have pounded atomic particles into elements with lower atomic numbers.

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